Study of Ancient DNA

Study of Ancient DNA

Reveals Crucial Role of Southern Africa in Human Evolution A new study published in Nature, the largest investigation of ancient African DNA to date, shows that a group of Homo sapiens ancestors in southern Africa, south of the Limpopo River, lived in partial isolation from other African populations for hundreds of thousands of years. Based on the analysis of 28 genomes from individuals who lived between 10,200 and 150 years ago, researchers identified genetic adaptations that likely shaped Homo sapiens. Cultural changes, such as toolmaking techniques, influenced them. They carried unique Homo sapiens-specific variants, for example, in kidney function genes for improved fluid regulation and UV protection, which are absent in Neanderthals and Denisovans. Approximately 80% of this heritage is found today in San groups such as the Juǀ'hoansi and Karretjie people. Until now, many scientists assumed that Homo sapiens originated in East Africa around 300,000 years ago and later spread southward. From there, they spread across the world in several waves, beginning around 130,000 years ago via the Arabian Peninsula to Asia. This spread was not a targeted one, but rather a gradual expansion of settlements by a few kilometers per generation, driven by climate change, resource searches, and population pressure. However, this new study, led by researchers from Uppsala University and the University of Johannesburg, suggests that Homo sapiens not only existed but also evolved in southern Africa over a longer period. The analysis revealed that Stone Age populations in the region were genetically isolated for at least 200,000 years. Significant gene flow from East and West Africa can only be detected in the data from around 1,400 years ago. Many of the analyzed remains come from the Matjes River Rock Shelter on the southern coast of South Africa. The study identified 79 unique genetic variants in all the early and modern Homo sapiens examined. These variants, which are not found in other hominins or primates, influence gene function and represent a significant portion of human genetic diversity, largely preserved only in South African groups. Seven of these variants are related to kidney function and may contribute to efficient sweating and fluid balance—both important for endurance and thermoregulation. Other variants affect the immune system and brain development; over 40% are linked to neurons, attention, and complex thinking.

Uganda's parliamentary and presidential elections are scheduled for January 15

Uganda's parliamentary and presidential elections are scheduled for January 15, 2026, and will be over

seen by the Ugandan Election Commission. Incumbent President Yoweri Museveni, who has been in power since 1986, was nominated for a seventh term by the National Resistance Movement in July 2025 after term limits were lifted. It was likely during the election campaign that President Yoweri Museveni met with Prime Minister Musalia Mudavadi and his delegation at the Mayuge State Lodge Hotel. The talks focused on bilateral and regional affairs. The meeting followed a diplomatic crisis triggered by Museveni's controversial remarks questioning Kenya's exclusive claims to the Indian Ocean coastline. Museveni initiated the dispute with a radio address in Mbale in November. He argued that landlocked Uganda needed reliable access to the sea for trade, defense, and naval development, and criticized exclusive coastal claims as "madness" and "selfishness." The Kingdom of Buganda, ruled by the Baganda dynasty, established trade relations with Arab traders on the East African coast from the 18th century onward, particularly through the export of ivory and slaves. These contacts provided indirect access to the Indian Ocean via caravan routes and later via Lake Victoria and the Uganda Railway to Mombasa in Kenya. He likened Uganda to a house with an upper floor that shared the land below, sparking outrage in the Kenyan media over the perceived threat to the sovereignty of the port of Mombasa and national borders. His son, General Muhoozi Kainerugaba, further escalated tensions on social media, suggesting he would use force if necessary. Museveni dismissed rumors of war as misleading and clarified that his remarks referred to the long-term strategic needs of landlocked countries and not to hostilities toward Kenya. During the talks, Mudavadi requested clarification, whereupon Museveni assured the continuation of the partnership, including joint infrastructure projects such as pipelines and roads. The incident highlights Uganda's dependence on the port and calls for stronger federation within the East African Community (EAC) to prevent future conflicts. The Kenyan government subsequently reaffirmed its commitment to international law and peaceful diplomacy and dismissed Museveni's comments as non-threatening. @https://kiswahili.tuko.co.ke/habari-za-ulimwengu/610399-yoweri-museveni-akutana-na-musalia-mudavadi-siku-chache-baada-ya-kutoa-vitisho-vya-vita/

Kenya's Richest One Percent Owns Nearly Half of the Wealth Created in the Last Ten Years

Kenya's Richest One Percent Owns Nearly Half of the Wealth Created in the Last Ten Years The wealthiest one percent of Kenya's population owns nearly half of the wealth created in the last ten years. The richest one percent holds more wealth than 90 percent of Kenyans combined and 13 times as much as the bottom half; the 125 richest individuals even surpass 42.6 million Kenyans in wealth. The list of Kenya's richest includes industrial pioneers, bankers, and political figures. Among the top ten are the Moi and Kenyatta families, as well as prominent names like Manu Chandaria, considered one of the richest industrialists with an estimated net worth of around USD 1.7 billion. Politically connected families control over 50 percent of private wealth. Kenya's wealthiest individuals have often built their fortunes over generations and diversify their investments across sectors such as manufacturing (e.g., Bidco Africa, Comcraft Group), banking (e.g., Equity Bank), media (e.g., Royal Media Services), and land ownership. Oxfam is calling for progressive tax reforms, such as higher capital gains taxes, to distribute the benefits more broadly. This wealthiest group controls approximately 78 percent of the country's financial assets, including stocks, company shares, real assets, and securities. The poorer half of the population, by contrast, owns only a fraction of this wealth, highlighting the significant inequality. The richest one percent received 40 percent of all newly created wealth during a period of strong economic growth, while millions of Kenyans were plunged into extreme poverty. This disparity demonstrates that despite average annual economic growth of 5 percent over the past decade, most citizens have not benefited equally from this growth. The wealth of this elite group has grown almost twice as fast as that of the rest of the population. The wealthiest Kenyans today possess more wealth than 90 percent of all Kenyans combined. Furthermore, the 125 richest Kenyans own more wealth than 42.6 million Kenyans combined, further widening the economic gap in the country. What remains is extreme inequality. A few profit enormously, while most struggle to survive. Nearly half of Kenyans (approximately 26 million people) live in extreme poverty, surviving on less than 130 Kenyan shillings (about US$1) per day. Just 125 individuals possess more wealth than the poorest 42 million citizens. A national debt of 68.8% of GDP and a budget deficit of 5.9% mean that tax revenues (a third of which goes toward interest payments) severely strain public services such as healthcare, hitting low-income groups the hardest. A new survey by the National Taxpayers Association reveals that Kenyans feel the tax burden most acutely from the Value Added Tax (VAT). 53.3 percent cited it as the tax that puts the biggest strain on their finances. VAT affects almost every purchase, from groceries to household goods. It is therefore the most visible and unavoidable tax for many households. The business license fee follows at 16.1 percent, highlighting the burden on entrepreneurs and small business owners, especially in a challenging economic environment. Payroll tax (PAYE) was mentioned by 12.3 percent of respondents. This reflects how employees feel their income is significantly reduced before it reaches them. Market fees and stall charges, which directly affect vendors, accounted for 10.4 percent. Excise tax (3.3 percent), property tax (3.1 percent), import/export duties (1.2 percent), and the inter-county levy (0.5 percent) followed. The results highlight the widespread concern about affordability, the strain on household budgets, and frustration with the rising cost of living. Given the economic uncertainty Kenyans face, understanding which taxes are the hardest on their wallets provides valuable insights for policymakers reviewing the country's tax system. For example, low-income households in Nairobi face an effective inflation rate 27% higher than that of wealthier households. The widening gap between rich and poor reflects this frustration. There are current complaints that government policies, through excessive taxation and cuts to programs like the SHA health insurance, have put Kenya "back on track." The cost of living continues to rise. Food and basic necessities are putting a heavy strain on households. GDP per capita is expected to increase nominally by 2.5%, reaching approximately US$2,550. Adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP), it stands at around US$3,470, which, while reflecting a gradual improvement in living standards, remains low compared to other countries in the region. Food inflation reached 8.0% year-on-year in October. This was triggered by a lack of rainfall (La Niña effects), which reduced harvests by 30% and drove up prices: tomatoes became 37% more expensive, sugar 23% more expensive, and cabbage 20% more expensive. The electricity consumption of a typical household using 200 kWh rose by 3% month-on-month, transportation costs increased by 1.4%, and fuel prices remain high (gasoline approximately 185 KES/liter). Overall inflation remains stable at 4.6%, but spending on essential goods consumes 3–3.5 million KES. Food aid will be needed until mid-2026, particularly in arid regions like Turkana. Families are cutting back on non-essential spending due to livestock losses, seeking side jobs, or relying on markets. This is being described as an “exploding” crisis. Even parking fees are being circumvented out of desperation. Low salaries (e.g., newly qualified doctors abroad earning around 500,000 KES compared to similar salaries domestically) seem inadequate given the local cost of living. And there are other burdens. There is debt, job losses, and the overall mood. Kenya’s foreign debt in 2023 was approximately US$40 billion, equivalent to 37 percent of its GDP. The loans were primarily taken out for infrastructure projects such as roads, railways, and the electrification of rural areas. A large portion of the debt is external, but there is also significant domestic debt owed to banks and businesses. Despite efforts and a debt relief program from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Kenya remains trapped in a debt spiral, as infrastructure investments have not generated the expected revenues and borrowing costs remain high. The mounting debt has led to social tensions and protests, as a large segment of the population feels the economic strain. The debt burden on the Kenyan population is part of a larger problem of public debt in Kenya, which reached approximately 72 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) by the end of 2023. This high level of debt stems primarily from loans taken out for infrastructure projects, as well as from factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and rising prices for basic foodstuffs and petroleum products. High levels of public debt mean that large portions of government revenue are used for debt servicing, leaving less funding for essential public services such as healthcare, education, and social security. The impact of this debt on the population is evident in significantly higher living costs, for example, for food, medicine, and fuel, which greatly increases the financial burden on the population. Political elites are publicly blamed for the high debt, while price increases and the cost of borrowing exacerbate the situation. Debt has nearly doubled in recent years, triggering protests against tax hikes and economic hardship. Poverty affects a significant portion of the population. Measured against international purchasing power parity of US$3.00 (adjusted for low-middle-income countries), the poverty rate is projected to decline slightly to 43.8% by 2025, a decrease of 0.7 percentage points. However, national estimates show that the overall poverty rate was 39.8% in 2022 (the most recent comprehensive data available), down from 38.6% in 2021. Multidimensional poverty will affect 25.4% of the population (approximately 13.7 million people) in 2024. Income inequality is worsening, with the Gini coefficient rising from 0.36 in 2020 to 0.39 in 2021. Wealth is highly concentrated: 125 people own as much as the poorest 42% of the population. Economic growth has not been inclusive, thus hindering widespread poverty reduction. The official unemployment rate is around 5.6%, but broader indicators (including underemployment) reached 13.9% in 2022. Youth unemployment and the NEET (neither employed nor in education) rate are particularly high, exacerbating financial insecurity. The labor market is dominated by the informal sector (81% of employment). There have been no recent minimum wage increases, and the share of the working population in total income is declining. Average household incomes remain low, and a significant proportion of the working population is affected by in-work poverty (less than US$2.15 purchasing power parity per day). Sustained economic growth of 5.8% is needed to absorb the 680,000 people entering the labor market annually; faster structural changes could create 1.36 million jobs and reduce the unemployment rate to 7%. The labor market is dominated by the informal sector. In summary, Kenya's economic growth, specifically its GDP, has nearly doubled from 9 trillion Kenyan shillings in 2015 to 16.15 trillion Kenyan shillings most recently. Despite this growth, over 7 million people have fallen into extreme poverty. Wealth concentration at the top has intensified, with the wealthiest accumulating their wealth significantly faster than the majority. To reduce inequality and promote more inclusive growth, more targeted government investment in social protection, education, and healthcare is expected. This challenge of wealth distribution significantly shapes the debates surrounding social justice and policy in Kenya. @https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/kenya-s-richest-1pc-get-almost-half-of-ten-year-wealth-5278484 @https://www.facebook.com/CitizenTVKe/posts/one-percent-of-kenyas-richest-persons-own-78-percent-of-kenyas-total-financial-w/1444367603715243/ @https://www.facebook.com/CitizenTVKe/posts/125-richest-kenyans-own-more-wealth-than-426-million-people-oxfam-kenya-report-r/1444367203715283/ @https://academic.oup.com/jae/article/33/Supplement_1/i114/7919226 @https://wid.world/country/kenya/ @https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/kenya-s-super-rich-club-shrinks-on-shilling-slide--4294446 @https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/infographics/2025-11-26-which-taxes-are-hitting-your-pocket-most-what-kenyans-said @https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstreams/ece537e8-b15c-592c-ac1e-58c1d37efe84/download @https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/63f4e337-96c8-5839-a176-0ee2bc3e4ddc/content @https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/708144 @https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/374971614531531941/txt/Appraisal-Environmental-and-Social-Review-Summary-ESRS-Kinshasa-Multisector-Development-and-Urban-Resilience-Project-P171141.txt

Samia Suluhu Hassan, stated that the appointment of Dr. Mwigulu Nchemba as Prime Minister of Tanzania

The President of the United Republic of Tanzania, Samia Suluhu Hassan, stated that the appointment of Dr. Mwigulu Nchemba

as Prime Minister of Tanzania was based on rigorous criteria and intense competition among the candidates nominated. Dr. Mwigulu proved himself a suitable candidate due to his qualities and skills in public service. Dr. Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba is a Tanzanian economist and prominent politician of the CCM. Prior to his appointment as Prime Minister, he served as Minister of Finance from 2021 and previously held several other key ministerial posts, including Minister of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Minister of the Interior, and Minister of Constitutional and Legal Affairs. He has been a Member of Parliament for the Iramba West constituency since 2010. Dr. Nchemba was born on January 7, 1975, in the Iramba District of the Singida Region. He earned his doctorate in economics from the University of Dar es Salaam between 2012 and 2018 and has extensive experience in both business and public service. On Friday, November 14, 2025, President Samia addressed the public at Chamwino State House in Dodoma immediately following the swearing-in of Dr. Nchemba. He stated that the decision was made after a thorough review of the experience and contributions of all the proposed candidates. One of the main reasons for appointing Dr. Mwigulu was his long service to the people of Tanzania in various senior government positions. President Samia emphasized that Dr. Mwigulu's work in a senior position at the Ministry of Finance had given him a deep understanding of the access and management systems for government funds—an essential skill for coordinating the work of various ministries and government institutions. “We have examined all the criteria in different areas of service to this country. Our priority is to find someone who knows how to serve the citizens of the United Republic of Tanzania,” said President Samia. @https://udakuspecially.com/rais-samia-ataja-sababu-kwanini-kamchagua-mwigulu-kuwa-waziri-mkuu/

Zimbabwean tycoon Frank Buyanga has been imprisoned in Johannesburg

Zimbabwean tycoon Frank Buyanga has been imprisoned in Johannesburg's Sun City prison for three years. He faces charges of child trafficking (he "illegally" brought his son to South Africa after his wife was granted custody) and fraud. Frank Buyanga, also known as Frank Buyanga Sadiqi, is a Zimbabwean businessman and philanthropist who made a name for himself in real estate investment, finance, and insurance. Born on September 14, 1979, in the UK, he moved to Zimbabwe in 2005 and founded companies such as Hamilton Property Holdings, Hamilton Finance, and Hamilton Insurance. Buyanga established FCO Trading Ltd. for imports and exports to West Africa and invested in commodities such as sugar, rice, and livestock through London offices. He reportedly owns over 400 properties across Africa and has invested US$40 million in the Zimbabwean banking system. Frank Buyanga is not a poor man; his net worth is estimated at $1.2 billion, largely from real estate. His possessions include a $15 million villa in the Cape Town suburb of Clifton, as well as luxury cars such as a Bugatti Veyron ($2 million), a Bugatti Chiron ($3.5 million), a Lamborghini Aventador S ($400,000), and a Rolls-Royce Cullinan ($500,000). Legal troubles are inevitable. Buyanga has faced multiple charges and arrests, including child trafficking, forgery, immigration violations, and fraud. The charges stem from a 2020 incident involving his son, as well as previous arrest warrants issued by Zimbabwe. He was arrested by Interpol in Johannesburg in November 2022 and, as of late 2025, remains in custody at the Johannesburg Correctional Centre (Sun City). Recent reports mention health problems, including hospitalizations, paralysis, and blindness. In 2024, he challenged the legality of his arrest warrant before the Supreme Court of Zimbabwe. Earlier reports linked him to Kenya, where he was hiding under a false name. He maintains his innocence and speaks of personal and political revenge. At the same time, he is involved in charitable work through the Hamilton Foundation. Buyanga was once a flamboyant businessman who flaunted his wealth, particularly his luxury cars. At the time, there were only seven of these luxury vehicles in Africa. Buyanga owned two of these seven vehicles, which bore personalized license plates. One of the Bugattis' plates simply displayed an "F." His lawyers are now appealing to President Ramaphosa, as Buyanga's health is reportedly deteriorating behind bars. There are reports that he is paralyzed and blind. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1o0Uw-trio https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1d2amVhIGNM https://nation.africa/kenya/news/fugitive-zimbabwe-tycoon-in-kenya--802900 https://allafrica.com/stories/202409050382.html https://zimbabwenow.co.zw/articles/1583/buyangas-sa-id-documents-queried https://www.instagram.com/p/DRv6Zm7EUoN/

Relations between Tanzania and the EU are marked by mistrust.

Relations between Tanzania and the EU are marked by mistrust.

This statement hits a nerve. Relations are indeed strained and characterized by strategic mistrust, primarily due to differences in values ​​(human rights) and economic interests (EPA). The era of an uncritical, development-policy-centric partnership is over. Tanzania insists on a relationship of equals and is utilizing its new foreign policy options. The future of the partnership depends on finding a new mode of interaction that respects Tanzania's sovereign interests without neglecting the shared interests of stability, sustainability, and development. The main reasons for this mistrust are primarily: - Human rights and the rule of law. The EU has repeatedly expressed concern about developments in Tanzania. These include, for example, restrictions on freedom of expression and of the press (e.g., restrictive media laws, media closures); restrictions on the political opposition and civil society; and human rights issues, particularly in relation to governance. ... Since taking office in 2021, President Samia Suluhu Hassan has taken steps to improve Tanzania's democratic standing and international relations. These include lifting bans on opposition rallies, engaging in dialogue with critics, and promising constitutional reforms. This has been welcomed by the EU and has led to a relaxation of relations compared to the strained Magufuli era. The Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) is a key point of contention. The EU remains Tanzania's most important trading partner. Major exports include agricultural products (coffee, cashew nuts, flowers, fish), minerals (gold, nickel), and increasingly, manufactured goods. Tanzania also imports machinery, equipment, and pharmaceuticals from the EU. This is a protracted and difficult point of negotiation. Tanzania has not ratified the signed agreement due to concerns about its own industrialization and the protection of its emerging industries. Many in Tanzania view the EPA as unilaterally favoring the EU and fear negative consequences for the local economy. This rejection is a key stumbling block. Tanzania, like many other African states, is increasingly emphasizing its sovereignty and pursuing a policy of "multi-aligned" foreign relations. This means entering into partnerships with a variety of actors (e.g., China, Russia, the Gulf States, Turkey) and no longer aligning itself exclusively with the EU. The EU often views this rapprochement with concern, as it sees itself as another power. Historically strained relations and the perception that the EU adopts a paternalistic or patronizing tone and seeks to impose unfair trade conditions fuel mistrust on the Tanzanian side. Tanzania and the partnership framework—this is perhaps the most important and recent development. The EU increasingly views Tanzania as a crucial partner in managing migration routes, particularly from the Horn of Africa to Europe via the "southern route." In return for Tanzania's cooperation in border management, combating smuggling and human trafficking, and the potential reception of migrants and refugees, the EU is offering substantial financial assistance, development support, and political engagement. This includes funding for border security, training, and addressing the root causes of migration. This partnership has drawn sharp criticism from human rights organizations (such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch). They argue that Tanzania's human rights situation (particularly under the previous Magufuli government, although some improvements have been observed under President Samia) is concerning regarding the treatment of migrants and refugees. The agreement risks outsourcing EU border controls to countries with weaker protections, potentially violating international refugee law. Tanzania could prioritize the EU's security interests over the rights and needs of migrants and asylum seekers. Tanzania views this as an opportunity to secure much-needed financial resources and development aid. It emphasizes its role as a "responsible partner" for regional stability and migration management.

Egypt is poised for groundbreaking archaeological discoveries, say scientists.

Egypt is poised for groundbreaking archaeological discoveries, say scientists.

A magnificent temple from the reign of Ramses II, dating back to the 13th century BC, remains unexcavated in Akhmim (Sohag Province). Temples from the time of Ramses II are significant ancient Egyptian structures, primarily built in the 13th century BC. Two of the most famous temples from his reign are the Temple of Abydos and the rock-cut temples of Abu Simbel. The Temple of Abydos, built around 1250 BC, was a cult building dedicated to Ramses II and the gods Osiris, Isis, and Horus. This temple has a typical Late Rich Egyptian plan with pylons, open courtyards, hypostyle halls, and a sanctuary with several shrines. It was also a center for royal and funerary cults, featuring numerous reliefs and chapels dedicated to various deities and royal ancestors. Unfortunately, the Abydos Temple is only partially preserved in ruins today; the roof and parts of the courtyards are particularly missing. The rock-cut temples of Abu Simbel are arguably the most impressive monuments of Ramses II. They consist of two main temples: the Great Temple, dedicated to Ramses II himself, with a facade dominated by four 20-meter-high statues of the pharaoh, and a smaller temple dedicated to his wife, Queen Nefertari. The Great Temple is also dedicated to the sun god Ra-Horakhty and is meant to demonstrate the divine power of Ramses II. These temples, hewn from the rock, are masterpieces of the architecture of the time and symbols of the pharaoh's power. The Abydos Temple and the Abu Simbel temples, in particular, are the outstanding architectural monuments from the time of Ramses II, representing his political and religious power as well as his worship by the gods. “Once Egypt secures the funding and part of the city is relocated to a suitable site nearby, we will see a nearly completely preserved temple from the time of Ramses II,” said one scholar. Ramses II, one of the most important rulers of ancient Egypt, reigned for over 60 years in the 13th century BC and led Egypt to significant military victories and territorial expansion, he added. All classical genres of modern literature can be traced back to ancient Egypt, which also laid the foundations of modern medicine and significantly influenced Greece, Rome, and Europe. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempel_des_Ramses_II._von_Abydos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HEf6ZrP-fY https://www.sterntours.de/aegypten-reisen/aegypten-reisefuehrer/abu-simbel https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Simbel

Gambia Grants Humanitarian Asylum to Cameroonian Opposition Leader Bakary

Gambia Grants Humanitarian Asylum to Cameroonian Opposition Leader Issa Tchiroma Bakary

Issa Tchiroma Bakary is a prominent Cameroonian politician who was long an ally and spokesperson for President Paul Biya. During the 2025 presidential elections, he shifted from a supporter of Biya to a serious challenger. His transformation from a government minister defending Biya's policies to a leading opposition figure marks a significant political shift in Cameroon. Fleeing for his safety after the controversial 2025 presidential election, Cameroonian opposition leader Issa Tchiroma Bakary was taken in by Gambia on November 7, 2025, which granted him temporary asylum on humanitarian grounds. He arrived in Gambia "for purely humanitarian reasons," according to an official statement released Sunday from Banjul. In addition to humanitarian considerations, Gambia is working with regional partners such as Nigeria to support a peaceful political solution to the post-election tensions in Cameroon. Bakary had disputed the official election results, which declared long-time President Paul Biya the winner, and claimed victory for himself. His opposition work and calls for protests led to political persecution and post-election violence, ultimately forcing his flight. Before arriving in Gambia, Bakary had temporarily sought refuge in Nigeria. The temporary asylum was granted in the spirit of African solidarity in light of the post-election tensions in Cameroon. The measure is intended to ensure the safety of Tchiroma, the president of Cameroon's National Salvation Front, according to the statement. The country added that subversive activities would not be tolerated on Gambian territory. Banjul is working with regional partners, including Nigeria, to find a peaceful solution to the crisis in Cameroon and reaffirmed its commitment to peace and stability in West and Central Africa. So far, there has been no official reaction from Yaoundé.

The Lion of Sierra Leone

The Lion of Sierra Leone

The Lion of Sierra Leone is a title that can refer to two very different, yet equally significant things: a world-famous diamond and a revered historical figure. The Diamond: The 968.9-Carat Star of Sierra Leone This is the most common name for the Lion of Sierra Leone. It is one of the largest gem-quality diamonds ever discovered. The Lion of Sierra Leone was discovered on February 14, 1972, in the Diminco alluvial mines in the Kono District of Sierra Leone. The Lion of Sierra Leone weighs an incredible 968.9 carats in its rough state. It is the third-largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found (after the Cullinan and Excelsior diamonds). It was discovered by miners as part of a government-sponsored mining program. The rough diamond was cut into 17 individual stones. The largest of these is a 153.96-carat emerald-cut diamond, which was stolen from the American Museum of Natural History in a 1994 burglary and later recovered. Many of the other stones were also sold to private collectors. The discovery of this diamond was a source of immense national pride for Sierra Leone, a country whose economy is heavily reliant on diamond mining. At the same time, however, it is part of the complex and often tragic history of "blood diamonds" or "conflict diamonds," whose trade fueled a brutal civil war (1991–2002). And now to the historical figure: Sir Samuel Lewis (1843–1903). This is a historically and honorably worthy tribute. Sir Samuel Lewis was a prominent Sierra Leonean of the Krio ethnic group and is considered a national hero. Because of his intellect, leadership, and tireless dedication to his people, he is often called the "Lion of Sierra Leone." Samuel Lewis was the first Sierra Leonean to be knighted (1896) and a brilliant lawyer. Samuel Lewis fearlessly defended the rights of the Krio and all Sierra Leoneans against the overbearing colonial policies of the British administration. He was also the first mayor of Freetown. Samuel Lewis was a founding member and the first president of the Sierra Leonean branch of the National Congress of British West Africa, which campaigned for greater rights and self-determination. Known for his eloquent speeches and unwavering principles, Samuel Lewis embodied the strength and intelligence of his nation, like a lion. A statue of Sir Samuel Lewis stands in the center of Freetown—a lasting memorial to his legacy. So when someone speaks of the "Lion of Sierra Leone", they could either mean a legendary gemstone representing the country's mineral wealth, or a legendary man who embodies its spirit and intellect.

Chad has announced an entry ban for US citizens, which has since been clarified with important exceptions

Chad has announced an entry ban for US citizens, which has since been clarified with important exceptions.

The ban is a direct response to Chad's inclusion in the US travel ban, which went into effect on June 9, 2025. The following table summarizes the key details of Chadian policy based on the latest announcement from the US Embassy. Reciprocal measure in effect, with exceptions. Key exceptions are: US citizens with a valid Chadian visa issued before June 9, 2025; US officials; and dual citizens with Chadian-American citizenship and valid documents. Announcement date: Initial announcement around June 5/6, 2025; clarification on June 12, 2025. The US Embassy's travel warnings should be heeded. The US Embassy in N'Djamena advises its citizens to check official embassy announcements for updates. They can register for the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive security alerts directly.

Bobi Wine from Uganda

Ssentamu) is challenging long-time President Yoweri Museveni for a second term in the January 2026 elections. He frames his campaign as a fight to restore political freedoms and combat corruption. President Museveni is expected to seek re-election after nearly 40 years in power. Nothing significant happened at the rally; I didn't see it, only hear it.

The Albert Ojwang Case

Albert Ojwang's father filed an affidavit accusing the prosecution of protecting Deputy Inspector General Eliud Lagat from prosecution. Meshack Ojwang claims there is overwhelming evidence linking him to his son's arrest, torture, and death. Albert Ojwang, a 30-year-old Kenyan teacher and blogger, died in police custody in Nairobi on June 7, 2025, after being arrested for allegedly defaming Deputy Inspector General Eliud Lagat on social media. An autopsy revealed severe head injuries, neck compression, and soft tissue injuries indicative of an attack, contradicting police claims that he inflicted the injuries on himself by banging his head against a cell wall. Albert Ojwang, a 30-year-old Kenyan teacher and blogger, died in police custody in Nairobi on June 7, 2025, after being arrested for allegedly defaming Deputy Inspector General Eliud Lagat on social media. Ojwang was arrested at his parents' home in the Homa Bay district and taken to the Central Police Station in Nairobi, where he was held in a cell before being found unconscious. The incident sparked nationwide protests, public outrage, and political criticism. The Kenya Bar Association described the injuries as evidence of torture and extrajudicial killing. In June 2025, six people—three police officers (Sam Kipichit, Salaam Mukhwana, and Peter Kimani) and three civilians—were charged with murder but had not yet commented on the allegations. In November 2025, the Supreme Court set a trial date, placed key witnesses under state protection, and recognized extensive digital evidence. Ojwang's family called for Lagat's arrest for instigating the events. The Independent Police Oversight Authority continues to conduct the investigation. @https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Albert_Ojwang @https://www.tuko.co.ke/kenya/609922-albert-ojwang-govt-places-witnesses-protection-date-set-activists-murder-trial/ @https://ntvkenya.co.ke/news/post-mortem-reveals-how-albert-ojwang-died/ @https://citizen.digital/article/albert-ojwangs-father-now-wants-dig-lagat-arrested-charged-with-murder-n373649 @https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz09l4k4184o @https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30d6dZKscfg

The Nuru Okanga Case

The Nuru Okanga Case

Nuru Okanga is embroiled in a 2023 legal battle in which he is accused of insulting Kenyan President William Ruto in an online video. His defense team is vehemently pushing for the case to be dismissed, arguing that the prosecution has failed to demonstrate its willingness to testify. This includes the prosecution's claim that its last witness is in China and therefore unable to testify. The defense views this as a delaying tactic and an indication of a weak case. They are also questioning the credibility of the cyber forensic evidence presented and requesting the subpoenaing of key political figures, including the president and vice president, to clarify the context of the alleged insults. The court is expected to decide whether to indict Okanga by January 20, 2026. Nuru Okanga is a prominent Kenyan political activist and supporter of the opposition (particularly the late Raila Odinga). Based on current reports (as of November 28, 2025), I summarize the background, the case, and recent developments. Okanga is known for his passionate, often provocative speeches against the Ruto government and his deep loyalty to Raila Odinga. Who is Nuru Okanga? Nuru Okanga is a grassroots activist from Kakamega County who has risen to national prominence through viral social media videos and street speeches. He positions himself as the voice of the "little people" and sharply criticizes corruption, poverty, and the policies of President Ruto. His YouTube channel (@nuruokangakenya) has thousands of subscribers and focuses on opposition perspectives from rural and urban areas of Kenya. Okanga is married, has children, and comes from humble beginnings. He has repeatedly asked for financial assistance, for example, for a salon business for his wife. In May 2025, he unexpectedly met with former Vice President Rigathi Gachagua, sparking speculation given Okanga's otherwise staunch opposition to Ruto. Following the death of Raila Odinga (October 2025), Okanga was deeply affected—he collapsed upon seeing the body, was hospitalized, and initiated the "Raila Is Still Breathing" movement to honor Odinga's legacy (e.g., by donating guinea fowl to the family and symbolically shaving her head). The defamation trial against Ruto. The case revolves around a 2023 video in which Okanga allegedly insulted Ruto and incited violence against him. Charges of defamation and potential threats led to his arrest and a trial. The charges are based on a clip in which Okanga urges Gachagua (then Vice President) to "shoot" Ruto—a statement Okanga's lawyers portray as satirical or humorous. The arrest took place in 2023. Okanga was detained in Tasia Estate (Embakasi) after the video went viral. The responsible police officer, Milton Mwanzi, confirmed in court (August 2025) that he was only following "orders from superiors" and had not conducted unlawful surveillance. The defense argued that this violated the right to privacy (Article 31 of the Kenyan Constitution). The prosecution accuses Okanga of publicly defaming Ruto through the video. A cyber forensics expert (Juma Mwajirani) recently testified and played the video. The latest developments in this case (November 2025) are: Delays and criticism: On November 24, 2025, the prosecution was unable to summon a key witness (an expert), which led to delays. Lawyers such as Babu Owino (Embakasi East MP) accused the prosecution of violating Okanga's right to a fair trial (Article 50(1) of the Constitution). Owino called it a "weakness of the prosecution." On November 25, Okanga's lawyers (including Abner Mango, Shadrack Wambui, and Babu Owino) requested that Rigathi Gachagua be summoned as a "key witness." They want to clarify whether Gachagua took the statements seriously or as a joke. Gachagua, now an opposition figure after his impeachment, could strengthen the defense. The lawyers are rigorously cross-examining witnesses—e.g., For example, a DCI officer was grilled for admitting he didn't know who the president was or whether Gachagua had been impeached. Okanga's team is demanding the case be dismissed, viewing it as politically motivated. On November 27, a video was played, and the cross-examination is underway. The trial is being ridiculed as a "comedy show" because witnesses are displaying weaknesses. Okanga's case often trends on social media, with users mocking the "incompetent" state witnesses or connecting it to current issues like by-elections. One post, "Nuru Okanga alisema apigwe risa... mkaona ni mchezo!" (He said he should be beaten... and you thought it was a joke!), refers to his prophesied warnings about government failure. Okanga symbolizes the resistance of Gen Z and the opposition to Ruto's government. His case is seen as an attempt to silence critics, similar to other activists. Experts warn of restrictions on freedom of speech. Okanga is struggling financially and emotionally—he was detained in a hospital in 2023 for unpaid bills (6,350 shillings) and is appealing for donations. The situation is fluid; the court could reach a decision soon. Key points of the case: Okanga is accused of distributing an inflammatory video online targeting President Ruto. The prosecution's final witness was reportedly unavailable due to an official assignment in China. The defense pointed to weaknesses in the prosecution's evidence, particularly in the cyber forensics analysis. Defense attorneys, including prominent figures like Babu Owino, expressed confidence. The court rejected defense requests to subpoena the president but can still summon key witnesses. A final ruling in the case is expected in early 2026. This case has garnered significant attention due to its political nature and the legal battles surrounding digital evidence and freedom of expression. @https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=F4HV4Bo0L6w&pp=ygUUTnVydW4gb2thbmdhIG9uIGZpcmU%3D @https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=oTtXwbWz9JA&pp=ygUUTnVydW4gb2thbmdhIG9uIGZpcmU%3D @https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fGvmL6yviqA&p p=ygUUTnVydW4gb2thbmdhIG9uIGZpcmU%3D @https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QUbiRXFuiQY&pp=ygUUTnVydW4gb2thbmdhIG9uIGZpcmU%3D @https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gK4m2ZdFrrY @https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJNiDPTw66E @https://www.facebook.com/7NewsGlobal/videos/nuru-okangas-court-case-has-taken-a-serious-turn-after-a-video-allegedly-showing/1172513151681461/ @https://www.tiktok.com/@courthelicopter/video/7577029479772589324

The military in Guinea-Bissau took power

Army General Horta N'Tam was sworn in as interim president of Guinea-Bissau, one day after military officers declared they had seized power. His interim regime is scheduled to last one year. The military halted the election process and suspended the release of the presidential election results on Sunday. The military in Guinea-Bissau took power

on November 26, 2025. Here is a brief overview of the events, based on current reports: The coup occurred just before the official announcement of the results of the presidential and parliamentary elections held on November 23, 2025. Incumbent President Umaro Sissoco Embaló (himself a former general) and opposition candidate Fernando Dias had both claimed victory. There were allegations of irregularities and tensions in the already unstable country. Soldiers under the command of Brigadier General Dinis Incanha (head of the Presidential Military Office) seized President Embaló and other high-ranking officials. The military declared “total control” of the country, suspended the electoral process, closed the borders, and established the “Supreme Military Command Council for the Restoration of National Security and Public Order.” The AU and ECOWAS strongly condemned the military takeover in Guinea-Bissau. On November 27, 2025, Major General Horta Inta-A Na Man was confirmed as interim president. He promised a one-year transition period during which new elections would be held.

AES Solidarity

AES solidarity

The AES Solidarity refers to the widespread support and collective backing for the Alliance of Sahel States (AES), a confederation formed by Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. This solidarity expresses opposition to external threats such as imperialism, neocolonial interference, and attempts at destabilization by Western powers and regional actors like ECOWAS. Calls for solidarity emphasize public declarations, coordinated political actions, and educational efforts to defend the AES’s sovereignty and its anti-imperialist stance. AES Solidarity has manifested in mass protests and demonstrations across West Africa and the continent, supporting AES member states and their leadership against coup attempts and foreign intervention. The alliance is seen as a symbol of African dignity, resistance, and the pursuit of economic and political independence from former colonial powers. Recent actions include Niger sending over 4 million liters of petroleum products to Mali, demonstrating practical support within AES countries. The solidarity campaign urges activists and organizations worldwide to amplify the AES’s message, mobilize for commemorative actions on significant dates, and resist neocolonialism while supporting Africa’s self-determination and unity. This movement highlights the AES as a new chapter in African resistance and liberation from external control. Niger delivers over 4 million liters of petroleum products to Mali, Cabinet statement According to a report by the Malian Council of Ministers, at least 82 tanker trucks were delivered. The shipment is valued at 3.3 billion CFA francs (US$5.8 million). A “significant contingent” of AES forces escorted the tanker trucks from Niamey to Bamako, the statement said. To reduce long lines at gas stations, the Malian government last week shortened customs clearance times for fuel from 72 to 24 hours. Bamako and surrounding cities have been blockaded by the al-Qaeda-affiliated terrorist group JNIM since September. More than one hundred tanker trucks have been set on fire during this period. @https://ipa-aip.org/notes/call-for-solidarity-with-the-peoples-of-aes/ @https://peoplesdispatch.org/2025/04/30/hands-off-aes-solidarity-protests-sweep-west-africa-in-defense-of-burkina-faso-and-captain-traore/ @https://liberationnews.org/two-years-of-alliance-of-sahel-states/ @https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_of_Sahel_States @https://en.sputniknews.africa/20251127/1080891704.html @https://sautiyaujamaa.wordpress.com/2025/09/18/tanzanian-socialist-formations-solidarity-statement-with-the-alliance-of-sahel-states-aes-its-leadership-and-its-people/

The opposition leader in Guinea-Bissau, Fernando Dias, declares himself free.

The opposition leader in Guinea-Bissau, Fernando Dias, declares

himself free. Fernando Dias, opposition leader in Guinea-Bissau and presidential candidate for the Social Renewal Party, has publicly declared himself free amidst the election chaos and the military coup attempt. The election was marred by controversy, including the disqualification of the main opposition party, PAIGC, and accusations of an “institutional coup” by incumbent Umaro Sissoco Embaló. Both Embaló and opposition candidate Fernando Dias da Costa declared themselves the winners beforehand, but official results were never released. Instead, on November 26, a coup attempt took place: military forces under Brigadier General Dinis Incanha arrested Embaló, deposed him, suspended the election process, closed borders, and imposed a curfew. Dias claimed victory in the presidential election of November 23, 2025, citing poll results that showed over 50% support and thus made a runoff unnecessary. President Umaro Sissoco Embaló's camp, however, disputed these claims. Tensions escalated after the disputed election. On November 26, soldiers arrested Embaló and high-ranking officials and appointed Major General Horta Inta-A as interim president for one year. In a video, Dias claimed he had escaped arrest through a "back entrance" and accused Embaló of staging a "fake coup" to prevent defeat. Dias called for protests demanding the release of the election results and endorsed former Prime Minister Domingos Simões Pereira, who had been barred from running. He also called for national liberation from alleged interference. Dias Civil society shares concerns about election fraud, even though life in Bissau had returned to normal by November 27. This marks another episode of instability in Guinea-Bissau's history, which has been marked by coups. Civil society shares fears of election fraud, even though life in Bissau had returned to normal by November 27. This marks another episode of instability in Guinea-Bissau's history of coups. @https://apnews.com/article/guinea-bissau-coup-west-africa-embalo-dias-e4f934094d4c96730473dd16bc8f0259 @https://en.sputniknews.africa/20251127/1080914501.html @https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJ-UFZdR1O0 @https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/guinea-bissau-opposition-demands-vote-results-after-army-officers-seize-power-2025-11-27/ @https://saharareporters.com/2025/11/26/armed-men-arrest-guinea-bissau-president-embalo-three-others-amid-post-election-tensions

The "Melanin Goddess" from Senegal

Khoudia Diop, a Senegalese model once teased for her deep, rich skin tone, is now celebrated worldwide for her extraordinary beauty. Khoudia Diop is a Senegalese model and actress known as the "Melanin Goddess" because of her very dark complexion. Born on December 31, 1996, she was bullied as a child because of her skin color. At 15, she moved to Paris, where photographers encouraged her to pursue modeling, although she initially prioritized her education. At 17, she officially began modeling to challenge conventional beauty standards and, in particular, to empower young girls. In 2016, Khoudia moved to New York City to study and quickly gained popularity on Instagram. Within days, her follower count jumped from 300 to over 350,000. She has appeared in advertising campaigns, including one for the French cosmetics brand Make Up For Ever. Khoudia remains an influential figure who champions pride in dark skin and the diversity of beauty. Her self-confidence and rise to fame have inspired many people to embrace and love their own skin. Today, she is known worldwide as the "Melanin Goddess,"

a symbol of strength, pride, and representation. @https://www.facebook.com/africanfolder/posts/adolf-hitler-uunona-is-making-headlines-again-in-namibia-known-for-his-unique-na/825518576757317

The President of Burkina Faso, Captain Ibrahim Traoré, has banned same-sex marriage nationwide.

The President of Burkina Faso, Captain Ibrahim Traoré, has banned same-sex marriage nationwide. The President of Burkina Faso, Captain Ibrahim Traoré, has signed a nationwide law banning same-sex marriage and criminalizing homosexual acts. The new law provides for prison sentences of two to five years as well as fines. It was unanimously passed by the interim legislature and is now in effect nationwide. The law prohibits not only homosexual acts but also behavior that encourages such practices. Foreign nationals who violate the law can also be deported. Justice Minister Edasso Rodrigue Bayala emphasized that the law respects the cultural values ​​of society and is based on its deep aspirations. Human rights groups strongly criticize the law and warn of increasing discrimination and violence against LGBTQ+ people in Burkina Faso. This move represents a significant setback for the rights of LGBTQ+ people in the country, where same-sex acts were previously legal, but same-sex marriage was not recognized. The ban on same-sex marriage and the criminalization of homosexuality are part of a comprehensive reform of personal and family law following the 2022 military coup led by Traoré. Burkina Faso thus joins a growing list of African countries that criminalize same-sex relationships, usually with prison sentences and fines as sanctions. This development is taking place within the country's conservative social and religious context and is condemned by international human rights organizations as a violation of the rights to equality and privacy. He justified his decision with reference to African values, traditions, and cultural identity, and rejected foreign influence. The Quran does not explicitly mention homosexual acts as a term, but several passages, particularly the story of the Prophet's people Lot (Qaum Lut), portray homosexual behavior between men negatively and consider it sinful. These passages can be found, for example, in Surah 7, verses 80-81, where same-sex relations between men are described as "detestable." Women are not directly mentioned in this context in the Quran, leading to differing interpretations. The classical schools of Islamic jurisprudence rely more on hadiths (sayings of the Prophet) to define homosexual acts as punishable, though the type of punishment varies. The majority of conservative Islamic scholars interpret the Quran to mean that homosexual intercourse between men is forbidden and considered a sin. However, more modern, liberal interpretations suggest that the Quranic prohibition refers more to sexual violence than to same-sex love itself. It is also emphasized that the Quran makes no specific statements about homosexuality as an identity, but only about certain sexual acts. Overall, the practice of homosexual acts is generally viewed negatively in Islamic discourse, based on theological and legal traditions, although the exact wording and interpretation within the Quran itself are disputed. Societal attitudes, however, are often stricter and culturally influenced, with homosexual acts being prosecuted in some Muslim countries. Traoré emphasized how important it is for Africa to protect its traditions, families, and moral principles. His approach drew criticism in Western countries, but many Africans praised him for upholding cultural principles and national sovereignty. @https://theafricanica.com/news/ibrahim-traore-bans-same-sex-marriage-in-burkina-faso/ @https://www.humandignitytrust.org/news/burkina-faso-interim-president-officially-signs-anti-lgbt-legislation/ @https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2060er4062o @https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/9/2/burkina-faso-bans-homosexuality-as-a-crime-punishable-with-prison-fines [@https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexualit%C3%A4t_im_Islam @https://www.lsvd.de/de/ct/687-Homosexualitaet-im-Koran-der-Scharia-und-den-Hadith-Ueberlieferungen-des-Propheten-Muhammed @https://ourworldindata.org/progress-lgbt-rights @https://theconversation.com/friday-essay-the-quran-the-bible-and-homosexuality-in-islam-61012

The Economy in Kenya

The Economy in Kenya

World Bank Raises Kenya's 2025 Economic Growth Forecast to Nearly 5% The economy is expected to maintain this growth rate over the next two years, according to a World Bank report. This year, growth will exceed the World Bank's May forecast of 4.5%. Kenya's construction industry, like some other sectors, was impacted by concerns about public finances last year but is now showing signs of recovery, the report notes. Generally speaking, economic growth in African countries is expected to be positive in 2025, despite varying regional challenges. Sub-Saharan countries could grow by around 4.0 percent, according to World Bank forecasts, driven by trade, investment, and digitalization. Economies such as Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Rwanda, in particular, show growth potential, while other countries like Algeria and Angola are struggling with economic difficulties. The African Development Bank reports an expected real GDP growth rate of approximately 3.9 percent for Africa as a whole in 2025, with 21 countries potentially achieving growth rates above 5 percent. However, challenges such as currency fluctuations, trade tariffs, particularly from the US, infrastructure deficits, and political uncertainties are dampening this potential. Investment remains below the global average, but digitalization and the African Common Market (AfCFTA) are considered key drivers of growth. South Africa is projected to experience rather subdued growth of around 1.0 percent in 2025, negatively impacted by US trade policy and the expiration of trade preferences. Countries like Ghana and Angola are experiencing a slowdown in growth. Currency issues could shift the GDP rankings of individual countries; for example, Nigeria could fall from first to seventh place. In short, Africa is experiencing moderate to solid economic growth overall, with regional differences and challenges. The main drivers of growth are trade, digitalization, and consumer spending. Structural reforms and greater equity capital mobilization are needed to better realize this growth potential. East African Court suspends EU trade agreement. The East African Court has suspended the trade agreement between the EU and Kenya, halting its implementation pending a ruling on the merits of a complaint. The complaint alleges that Kenya's signing of the trade agreement with the EU has harmed the East African Community and its economy. The Court has intervened and suspended the implementation of the agreement until these allegations are examined. Details of the suspension: - The suspension is an interim injunction issued by the East African Court. - It specifically concerns the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) that Kenya and the EU signed on December 18, 2023, and which was scheduled to enter into force in July 2024. ... - The Court based its decision on concerns regarding the impact on the integration of the East African Community and its shared economic interests. It suspects that some partner states acted independently, without sufficiently considering the regional bloc's contractual obligations. The context of the agreement - The Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) aims to facilitate trade between Kenya and the EU by aligning tariffs and trade rules. - However, there are regional concerns regarding the impact on the East African Community (EAC) and whether regional trade agreements and the economic balance within the bloc will be maintained. This has broader regional implications - The Court's suspension of the agreement reflects the growing tensions over unilateral trade agreements by member states, which could undermine regional integration efforts. - It underscores the legal and political importance of coordinated action by EAC states on international trade agreements. This suspension puts the trade agreement between the EU and Kenya on hold until further judicial review to address the economic and legal concerns raised by the EAC and its member states. @TheKenyanWalkStreet @https://www.dw.com/de/afrika-2025-kampf-um-demokratie-und-wachstum/a-70950755 @https://africabrief.substack.com/p/africas-economy-to-grow-39-in-2025 @https://www.gtai.de/de/trade/suedafrika-wirtschaft/wirtschaftsausblick @https://www.bpb.de/themen/afrika/dossier-afrika/552232/wirtschaftliche-entwicklung-in-afrika/ @https://maisafrika.com/de/noticias/ultimahora/africa-onu-preve-crescimento-de-37-em-2025/ @https://www.africaintelligence.com/tags/european-union @https://www.africaintelligence.com/eastern-africa-and-the-horn/2025/11/24/east-african-court-suspends-eu-kenya-trade-agreement,110563973-art @https://x.com/nmchl/status/1993024214522380482 @https://www.eac.int/press-releases/153-legal-judicial-affairs?start=6 @https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/global-economic-prospects @https://www.eacj.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/THE-ROLE-OF-THE-EACJ-IN-INTEGRATION-1.pdf @https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/economic-partnership-agreement-between-the-eu-and-kenya.html

Alcohol Consumption in Kenya

Two men were part of a group that gathered in the village of Olubumbu on Friday to celebrate the initiation rites of some boys. The two were found unconscious by the roadside and taken to the hospital, where one was pronounced dead upon arrival. A 32-year-old man died after excessive alcohol consumption in a village in Kuresoi, Nakuru district. A second man was hospitalized with serious injuries, police said. The two men were part of a group that had gathered in the village of Olubumbu to celebrate the initiation rites of some boys. They drank excessive amounts of alcohol. The two were found unconscious by the roadside and taken to the hospital. The body was taken to the morgue for an autopsy. Police are investigating as part of a nationwide crackdown on illegally distilled alcohol. Several liters of the beverages were destroyed, and dozens of suspected brewers were arrested. Alcohol consumption in Kenya is a significant social and public health problem, with harmful drinking patterns rising, especially among youth. About 12.2% of Kenyans aged 15-65 consume alcohol, and 36% of students report alcohol use. Illicit and cheap alcohol notably contribute to the problem, with rural and urban slum areas being particularly affected due to affordability issues and limited enforcement of regulations. The problems linked to alcohol abuse in Kenya are multifaceted, including health risks, family breakdowns, social dysfunction, and economic impacts. Health issues include increased mortality, neuropsychiatric conditions, and reproductive health risks. Alcohol abuse also leads to high disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost and exacerbates unemployment and family instability. Economically, it reduces workplace productivity and increases absenteeism. Despite these challenges, governmental responses have been insufficient and often ineffective. Enforcement of laws to curb illicit alcohol production and sales has been weak, and public awareness campaigns have lacked the funding and reach needed to make a significant impact. Attempts to regulate alcohol outlets, such as limiting the number of bars per town, have faced resistance from business owners and have not been widely implemented. In summary, alcohol abuse in Kenya causes serious health, social, and economic problems, driven by high consumption rates among youth, widespread availability of illicit alcohol, and weak regulatory enforcement. Addressing this crisis requires stronger law enforcement, better public education, and economic empowerment initiatives targeting vulnerable groups. @https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2025-11-24-man-dies-after-consuming-excessive-alcohol @https://www.tigonitreatment.com/post/the-silent-crisis-how-alcoholism-is-ignored-in-kenya @https://ncpd.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Brief-55-YOUTH-AT-RISK-ALCOHAL-AND-DRUG-ABUSE-IN-KENYA.pdf @https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7040319/ @https://jorgstrust.org/social-effects-of-alcoholism-in-kenya/ @https://arjess.org/health-and-social-economic-effects-of-alcohol-abuse-in-kenyas-context/ @https://www.theelephant.info/analysis/2017/04/07/kenyas-alcohol-problem-the-govt-needs-to-sober-up/ @https://scholar.google.com.mx/scholar_url?url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC68 03571/&hl=es&sa=X&ei=u6slabRL1OiJ6g_k_LnJCw&scisig=ABGrvjKBvi4C8WhcEfkXpLRAoNPh&oi=scholarr

The Mozambican Civil War

The Mozambican Civil War

(Portuguese: Guerra Civil Moçambicana) was a bloody conflict fought in Mozambique from 1977 to 1992, fueled by local conflicts and Cold War politics, and profoundly shaped the country. Gaining independence from Portugal in 1975, Mozambique immediately faced internal conflicts between the ruling party FRELIMO and the opposition group RENAMO. RENAMO received support from Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in 1977 to weaken the socialist-leaning FRELIMO, which fueled the war. The war was also exacerbated by external influences, including Soviet support for FRELIMO and support from Rhodesia and later South Africa for RENAMO. The main battles took place between the following parties: FRELIMO – Mozambique's ruling Marxist party RENAMO – anti-communist insurgents, supported by Rhodesia and later South Africa. Other smaller groups included PRM, UNAMO, COREMO, UNIPOMO, and FUMO. Period: May 30, 1977 – October 4, 1992 (15 years, 4 months, 4 days) Location: Mozambique A significant event was the signing of the peace agreement on October 4, 1992, between FRELIMO and RENAMO, which ended the conflict. This agreement led to democratization, elections, and the withdrawal of international peacekeeping forces, including the UN. Since then, the country has been on the path to stability, although conflicts have resurfaced in recent years, particularly in the north in Cabo Delgado, involving Islamist militias. Outcome: Peace according to the Rome Agreement. Warring Parties: Mozambique: FRELIMO, ZANU (until 1979), Zimbabwe (from 1979/1980), Tanzania, Malawi (from 1987), Soviet Union RENAMO, PRM (until 1982) Key Leaders: Mozambique – Samora Machel †, Joaquim Chissano Zimbabwe – Robert Mugabe Tanzania – Julius Nyerere Malawi – Hastings Banda RENAMO – André Matsangaissa †, Afonso Dhlakama PRM – Amos Sumane †, Gimo Phiri Strength: Mozambique – 80,000 Zimbabwe – 20,000 Tanzania – 6,000 Soviet Union – 4,000 Romania – 500 RENAMO – ~20,000 Losses: The war led to Massive destruction, approximately 900,000 deaths, and the displacement of over five million civilians, primarily due to fighting, famine, and terrorist attacks. RENAMO carried out attacks on civilians, used child soldiers, and targeted economic infrastructure, while FRELIMO defended the population politically and militarily. Mozambique – unknown Zimbabwe – 296 soldiers and 24 pilots (1984–1990) Tanzania – 99 soldiers Malawi – over 100 dead Soviet Union – 8 dead (official) Total – over 1,000,000 dead, including famine victims; RENAMO was responsible for up to 100,000 deaths. RENAMO fought against FRELIMO's socialist one-party state and was supported by Rhodesia and South Africa to weaken the support of militant nationalist groups. The war led to massive displacement—5 million people were displaced—and destroyed infrastructure, including hospitals, roads, railways, and schools. Both sides were accused of human rights violations, including the recruitment of child soldiers and widespread land grabs. Landmines were also a problem. Neighboring Zimbabwe, Tanzania, and Malawi sent troops to protect their economic interests from RENAMO attacks. The war ended in 1992 after the collapse of Soviet and South African support. Peace talks mediated by the Mozambican Council of Churches and Italy led to the Rome General Peace Agreements. RENAMO units were demobilized or integrated into the Mozambican army. Thus, the Mozambican Civil War was a complex and bloody conflict, triggered by the struggle for political dominance, external support, and ethno-political tensions, and continues to this day after decades of peace due to renewed violence in the north. The UN mission in Mozambique (ONUMOZ) supported reconstruction efforts after the war. Tensions flared up again between 2013 and 2018, but a second peace agreement was signed in 2019.

Burkina Faso has taken a leap forward.

Burkina Faso has taken a leap forward.

This is an important development! The Burkina Faso Medical Association's plan to rebuild the healthcare system is expected to make a significant contribution, especially given the country's ongoing problems with insecurity and resource scarcity. The Burkina Faso Medical Association has presented a plan to rebuild its healthcare system. At its 9th Congress, the association adopted an ambitious roadmap aimed at ensuring equitable access to healthcare throughout the country. The five priorities are: - Strengthening the regulation of medical practice; - Reforming medical education; - Improving the professional integration of physicians; - Accelerating the development of telemedicine; - Implementing structured oversight of the private healthcare sector. For example, current initiatives include: A large-scale government project (PRSS-ASN II), approved in November 2025, which aims to expand primary care, construct 20 new community health centers, and strengthen emergency and blood donation services. A national roadmap for the digitalization of community healthcare, adopted at the end of 2025, focuses on equipping community health workers with digital tools to improve healthcare delivery and data management. By 2030, the Chamber aims to become the leading national institution for training and regulation, thereby ensuring better health protection for the population. The Congress's recommendations will be directly incorporated into national policy by the government. The meeting took place in Ouagadougou.

Has the downfall of our Earth begun?

When wars break out on Earth, the planet reacts with earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. I don't want to be a prophet, but since there's no peace in sight, it's clear that the disasters will continue and intensify. Those who don't want to live in peace must expect the Earth to create peace for them. I believe that's what's called "peace through violence," isn't it? In Ethiopia, a volcano has erupted for the first time in 10,000 years: "The ash rose to a height of about 13.7 km. The eruption of the Haili Gubbi volcano in northeastern Ethiopia produced a large ash cloud that was hurled toward Yemen and Oman. This could pose a danger to residents and air traffic in general." ``` A volcano has erupted in Ethiopia for the first time in 10,000 years. Significant volcanic activity occurred in Ethiopia in 2025, particularly in the Fentale volcano region of the Main Ethiopian Rift. Maggot intrusions were recorded starting in September 2024, accompanied by earthquakes, and increased seismic activity and the evacuation of residents began in early 2025. This was the first significant volcanic activity in the region in a long time, with comparable events last occurring approximately 10,000 years ago. The activity is closely linked to tectonic movements and earthquakes in the Afar Triangle. An ongoing volcanic eruption was documented at the beginning of 2025, with magma intrusion and ground uplift occurring at the Fentale volcano, among other things. Active volcanoes in Ethiopia, such as Erta Ale and Dabbahu, have been active in the recent past, but the eruption described as the first long-term eruption in 10,000 years refers specifically to the recent event around Fentale. This event is part of the geological transformation processes that are also shaping the rifting of the African continent. Active volcanoes in Ethiopia, such as Erta Ale and Dabbahu, have also been active in the recent past, but the eruption described as the first long-term eruption in 10,000 years refers specifically to the recent event around Fentale. This event is part of the geological transformation processes that are also shaping the rifting of the African continent. @https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=251030 @https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBow43z6Qso @https://volcano.si.edu/showreport.cfm?wvar=GVP.WVAR20250101-221190 @https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/risk-ethiopian-volcano-eruption-prompts-evacuation-residents-2025-01-03/ @https://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/vulkanausbruch-in-afrika-ein-kontinent-zerbricht-1.1109198 @https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wissen/als-der-mensch-auszog-die-welt-zu-erobern-die-entscheidende-rolle-eines-vulkanausbruchs-11400803.html

Our story is a silent revolution”: Ethiopia’s Prime Minister at G20 summitt

“Our story is a silent revolution”: Ethiopia’s Prime Minister calls for new growth at the G20 summit Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed addressed the G20 summit in Johannesburg with a message of humility, hope, and a call for bold change. In his speech, he emphasized Ethiopia’s ongoing reform and resilience process, highlighting the country’s profound transformations in finance, trade, and renewable energy, as well as its successes in attracting private investment and promoting financial inclusion. Speaking about the importance of genuine partnerships for investment, innovation, and shared prosperity, Abiy called for an ambitious “Africa 2.0 Pact” to accelerate economic transformation and prosperity across the continent. His message expressed optimism regarding Africa’s economic rise, while also acknowledging the challenges and appealing to the G20 to support the continent’s sustainable development with ambition and cooperation. He described Ethiopia's and Africa's path to the future as one marked by humility and hope, anchored in substantial reforms with a bold vision for the future. Here is the core message of his vision: A journey that is not yet complete: Rooted in an ancient civilization and possessing great resilience, Ethiopia is shaping its future through Medemer – a philosophy of unity, synergy, and shared progress. A quiet revolution underway: As he put it, "Our story is a quiet revolution of courageous action that is redefining what is possible." Cities are becoming innovative, agriculture is being modernized, and young entrepreneurs are creating new opportunities. Inclusivity as efficiency: Abiy emphasized that empowering every individual farmer, innovator, and entrepreneur strengthens the entire economy. Transforming challenges into transformation: From drought to conflict, Ethiopia is responding with renewable energy, digital infrastructure, and climate-friendly agriculture. Three global priorities that Ethiopia is proposing to the G20: Debt reduction: Ensuring that debt relief translates into real investment – ​​“educated children, modern hospitals, and resilient infrastructure.” Climate: With 48 billion seedlings planted, Ethiopia is calling for the expansion of ecological restoration through debt-for-climate swaps and green value chains. Energy and digital transformation: From the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam to a nationwide digital public infrastructure by 2030, Ethiopia is pursuing a vision of a connected, renewable, and climate-neutral future for Africa. Abiy concluded with a powerful appeal: “We should not only look at GDP, but also at societies’ capacity to resist and adapt, because that is ultimately the foundation for sustainable development. Ethiopia, with its roots in Medemer, is ready to contribute to this shared global path.” @https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMrXAGo0BUE @https://www.presseportal.de/pm/153146/4837045 @https://www.fanamc.com/english/pm-abiy-ahmed-and-south-africas-president-cyril-ramaphosa-discuss-africas-priorities-ahead-of-g20-summit/ @https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/03/1161711

Miss Universe 2025

Miss Universe 2025

Olivia Yacé from Ivory Coast captivates the world and takes fifth place. The Miss Universe 2025 pageant took place on November 21, 2025, at the Impact Challenger Hall in Pak Kret, Nonthaburi, Thailand, and brought together 127 contestants from around the globe. 1. The winner was Fátima Bosch from Mexico, crowned by Victoria Kjær Theilvig from Denmark, Miss Universe 2024. This victory marked Mexico's fourth Miss Universe title. 2. Praveenar Singh from Thailand took second place. 3. Stephany Abasali from Venezuela took third place. 30 semifinalists competed in rounds that included national dress, swimwear, evening gowns, and a question-and-answer session. The event was marred by controversy, including the resignation of judges and allegations of manipulation of the results. One contestant left the event in solidarity with Fátima Bosch after she was publicly insulted by an official. Despite this controversy, Bosch's victory was celebrated, including by Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum. "Be true to yourself"—with this powerful message, Olivia Yacé inspires young people worldwide to embrace self-love and self-confidence. She is also deeply committed to empowering women in Africa. In addition to Yacé, two other African representatives made it into the top 30: Solange Keita from Rwanda and Lyshanda Moyas from Zimbabwe. To date, only six women from African countries have won the Miss Universe title: South Africa: Margaret Gardiner (1978), Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters (2017), Zozibini Tunzi (2019); Botswana: Mpule Kwelagobe (1999); Angola: Leila Lopes (2011).

Return of Twelve Lost Ethiopian Artifacts

Return of Twelve Lost Ethiopian Artifacts

to Strengthen Cultural Heritage, Research, and Tourism: Ministry. Twelve lost Ethiopian artifacts were officially returned to Ethiopia in November 2025. These artifacts, including crowns, shields, and paintings, had been in the possession of a German family for over 100 years, collected by Fritz Weiss, the German envoy to Ethiopia. His grandson, Professor Ramon Weiss, and his niece, Alice Weiss, who had collected them in the 1920s, have now returned them. The handover ceremony took place in Addis Ababa, and the pieces were presented to the Institute of Ethiopian Studies at Addis Ababa University. The Ethiopian side praised the care and dedication of the German family in preserving and returning the artifacts as an important milestone in the protection of Ethiopian cultural heritage. Plans are in place to make the artifacts available to the public soon for research and educational purposes. The return is part of a broader international movement to repatriate African cultural artifacts from private collections and institutions worldwide. This repatriation underscores the importance of preserving cultural heritage in its country of origin and highlights Ethiopia's ongoing efforts to repatriate other cultural artifacts held abroad. The artifacts were collected in the 1920s by Fritz Weiss, the German envoy to Ethiopia. His grandson, Professor Ramon Weiss, and his niece, Alice Weiss, have now returned them, according to media reports. "[The artifacts] offer a unique glimpse into Ethiopian art and crafts of the 1920s," local media quoted Tourism Minister Selamawit Kassa as saying at the handover. [The artifacts] offer a unique insight into Ethiopian art and crafts of the 1920s. @https://unn.ua/en/news/ethiopia-received-12-historical-artifacts-that-had-been-stored-in-germany-for-over-a-century @https://anewz.tv/culture/culture-news/15460/germany-returns-12-cultural-artefacts-to-ethiopia/news @https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_7742734