LGBTQ+, Religions in Africa

The situation of LGBTQ + persons in Africa is characterized by profound opposites: on the one hand there is a wave of new, strict laws, on the other hand strong activism and continuing resistance. In 31 out of 54 African countries, mutually agreed same-sex actions are punishable. In many countries laws often serve from the colonial era as the basis. Uganda introduced a law in 2023, which, among other things, provides for the death penalty for "complicated homosexuality". Other countries followed: - Burkina Faso (2025): up to 5 years imprisonment. - Niger (2025): up to 20 years imprisonment for same-sex marriages. - Senegal (2025): Doubling the maximum penalty to 5-10 years. - Ghana (2026): 3 years imprisonment for homosexual acts, up to 5 years for "support" of LGBTQ +. Opponents claim that homosexuality is a "Western invention". This narrative is often used by politicians to distract from other problems or to stage traditional values as guardians. Today's criminalization is often a direct legacy of the colonial era, which was maintained after independence. The ICJ refers to the current laws as undeveloped decolonization work. The counterwind is partly financed by US and European conservative groups and fueled ideologically. The coupling of development aid to LGBTQ + rights is considered by many as neo-colonial interference, which repressive regimes encourages their policies. Activists indicate historical evidence for sexual diversity in African societies (e.g. "women's marriages" at the Yoruba or concepts such as Babakazi at the Ndebele) to the "un-african" to refute. Drag performances are considered "survival acts" and political education. Social media are a central tool to create visibility and network communities. Despite setbacks there are progress, Botswana has repealed the criminalization in 2019, and the African Human Rights Commission adopted a resolution against violence due to sexual orientation in 2014. Only about 20 countries criminalize same-sex relationships. South Africa is the only country that recognizes the marriage for all nationwide, but there is discrimination a problem. Angola, Mozambique, Lesotho and Botswana have also taken steps to decriminalization in recent years. Criminalization leads to far-reaching discrimination in health, education and living and fouls violence and stigmatization. It also complies with access to HIV prevention and treatment. Africa is religious and very diverse. In addition to traditional African religions, Christianity and Islam characterize the continent, and in many regions there is a long tradition of religious coexistence and tolerance. The religious landscape of Africa was shaped over centuries through local traditions, Islamic expansion, Christian mission and colonial history. Therefore, African religions are often a field of continuity, adaptation and syncretism instead of clear dividing lines. LGBTQ + and religions is a complex and multi-layer topic that includes the different interpretations and reactions of different beliefs on questions of sexual orientation and gender identity. There are different perspectives within religions. The views go far apart. Some denominations (eg the Roman Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church and many evangelical churches), traditionally reject the same-sex marriage and the rights of LGBTQ + individuals catering about bible points. Others, such as the episcopal church, the United Church of Christ, and certain Protestant denominations, are tolerant, carry out the same-sex marriages and ordain LGBTQ + guests. Generally conservative, with traditional teachings that emphasize the heterosexual marriage. LGBTQ + identities are often considered sinful, and in many majority of Muslim countries are equal to equalized relationships. Varies depending on denomination. Orthodox Judaism is traditionally rejecting LGBTQ + relationships, while reform, conservative and reconstructionist currents tend to become more tolerant and same-sex marriages as well as LGBTQ + -Geistliche. The faiths are manifold. Some texts and traditions recognize gender fluid and equal-sex relationships, others are less tolerant. The attitude varies greatly between regions and communities. In general, compassion and non-violence are the focus. Many Buddhist communities accept LGBTQ + persons, although the official positions are different depending on the school and culture. Indigenous and tribal religions often have their own unique perspectives on gender and sexuality, which are sometimes more tolerant and more open than the established religions. Many LGBTQ + individuals in religious communities experience discrimination, exclusion or internal conflicts. Movements for inclusion and acceptance are gaining in importance in many beliefs and are committed to reinterpretation of texts and teachings. Some religious groups are actively engaged in the rights of LGBTQ + individuals, while others hold on to traditional views. Interreligious organizations and local faith communities are increasingly involved in the inclusion of LGBTQ +. There are religious LGBTQ + groups and allies that are involved in the compatibility of faith and identity. The relationship between LGBTQ + identities and religions is changing. While traditional teachings of many faiths were conservative, many communities and denominations become more open and inclusive.