Kenya announces reforms after uncovering a $48 million payroll fraud.

Kenya announces reforms after uncovering a $48 million payroll fraud.

A random audit of twelve government ministries and agencies uncovered decades of irregularities, including unauthorized changes, irregular payments, and significant oversight gaps, according to a cabinet statement. The fraud under investigation amounts to approximately 6.2 billion Kenyan shillings (approximately $48 million). The irregularities were discovered during a special audit of 12 of a total of 53 government ministries and agencies. The investigation revealed serious deficiencies and criminal activity within the government: - “Ghost workers,” whose salaries were paid to fictitious individuals or people without valid employment contracts. - System manipulation, where unauthorized changes were made to payroll records to artificially inflate salaries. - Cashback schemes: In some government agencies (such as the National Museum), up to 80% of the salaries of bogus employees were being funneled directly back into the private accounts of senior finance and IT staff. In direct response, the government, led by State House in Nairobi, has adopted a comprehensive package of measures: - The Directorate of Criminal Investigations (DCI) has been tasked with prosecuting the networks behind the salary manipulations and rigorously recovering the misappropriated taxpayer funds. - The government has mandated the nationwide implementation of a completely redesigned, digital Integrated Human Resource and Payroll System to prevent unauthorized access and manual changes. - Payroll audits will be extended to all remaining government departments and subordinate agencies to completely eliminate bogus employees from the payroll. - In addition to payroll reforms, the leasing of further government offices was frozen as part of austerity measures, and an efficiency review of existing government properties was ordered. Other Cabinet decisions (see explanation): - Infrastructure & Water: US$127 million approved for the completion of the Mwache Dam; funding released for key road sections along the Isiolo-Mandera Corridor. - Energy Cooperation: Oil agreements with Rwanda and South Sudan to increase fuel transit were confirmed. - Healthcare: The US$35 million Mother and Child Initiative for ten hospitals was approved; a framework plan to combat HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, and emerging infectious diseases was adopted. - Industrialization: The US$44 million leather industry value chain project to create 120,000 jobs was approved; the national cotton, textile, and apparel policy was adopted. @https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/124806-cabinet-directs-dci-investigate-suspected-ksh62-billion-government-payroll-fraud

Wider war with Iran and it's influence on Africa

This is an urgent problem! To be clear from the outset: A full-blown "global war" involving Iran is not yet foreseeable – we are talking about a serious escalation (for example, the Iran-Israel conflict from 2024 to 2026). However, even these regional tensions have repercussions for Africa, and I would like to highlight two main influencing factors: the economic and the political-strategic. The most important influencing factor here is energy and logistics. Approximately 20% of global oil trade and significant quantities of liquefied natural gas (LNG) pass through the Strait of Hormuz. Should threats or actual restrictions on shipping occur as a result of an escalation, this will lead directly to shortages and rising prices. For many African countries that import fuel, this means: - rising prices for gasoline and other petroleum products; - inflation; - logistical disruptions for other goods. ... Furthermore, the volatility of energy markets affects the continent's financial markets: exchange rates can fluctuate, and borrowing costs for governments and businesses can rise. There is also a more direct channel: some African countries themselves trade with Iran (for example, Niger has negotiated uranium shipments in exchange for drones and weapons). In such cases, an escalation could abruptly end lucrative deals due to the risk of secondary sanctions, or conversely, push these countries toward a closer alliance with Tehran as an alternative partner in the face of Western pressure. On the one hand, the tension itself diverts the attention and resources of Iran and its adversaries from African affairs—that is, the activities of both sides on the continent are temporarily reduced. On the other hand, Africa could become a stage on which broader geopolitical contradictions manifest themselves. Pressure to Take Sides: Some African states are forced to perform a balancing act: they participate in coalitions (for example, within the BRICS countries) that include both Iran and its opponents. This creates the risk that the country will become the focus of diplomatic negotiations or even be subjected to external sanctions for maintaining close ties with one of the parties. There is a risk that local tensions in Africa (for example, in the Sahel region) will be used as a platform for indirect confrontations between forces supporting different sides in the Middle East conflict. For some countries, close relations with Iran during times of escalation can represent both an opportunity (to gain support or investment) and a risk (loss of trust among some international partners). This has a twofold effect: On the one hand, Africa is exposed to direct economic shocks; on the other hand, it is drawn into a broader geopolitical game in which its interests are not always a priority for the main actors. Therefore, it is particularly important for African states to carefully consider their foreign policy decisions to avoid being drawn into larger conflicts.

Snipers from the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) open fire on members of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF).

Snipers from the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) open fire on members of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). After independence, the SAF dominated the country's political system for a long time, often alternating with civilian governments and military regimes. The civil wars in South Sudan and later the conflicts in Darfur and other regions were particularly formative, as the army acted against both rebels and population groups it considered enemies of the state. A significant turning point was the transformation of the Sudanese security apparatus into a system in which paramilitary forces gained importance alongside the regular army. This led to a long-term power duality that escalated into open warfare between the SAF and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in 2023. Today, the SAF, under Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, is one of the two main warring parties in Sudan and claims to be defending the state against the RSF. At the same time, they are under international pressure due to serious human rights allegations and suspected war crimes. The Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) are the regular armed forces of Sudan and currently one of the two main parties in the Sudanese Civil War against the Revolutionary Socialist Front (RSF). They are led by Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and, according to reports, regained control of large parts of Khartoum in March 2025, while the war continued in other parts of the country. The SAF form the backbone of the Sudanese state and comprise the army, air force, and navy; allied militias and Islamist factions also play a role. Recent reports accuse them not only of military successes but also of serious human rights violations and possible war crimes. In 2026, the SAF continued their intense power struggle and territorial conflict with the RSF. Reports identify Kordofan and adjacent areas as particularly strategically important because supply routes, resource routes, and military checkpoints converge there. The open conflict between the SAF and RSF escalated in April 2023 from a power struggle over the integration of the RSF into the state apparatus. Since then, the war has triggered a massive displacement crisis and deeply shaken Sudan's political order. Notably, the SAF fighters are using an unusual anti-materiel sniper rifle, the OSV-96 (or an Iranian copy, the "Nasr" rifle), chambered in 12.7×108mm. https://x.com/i/status/2071576369079722352

Attacked a pickup truck carrying fighters

The Russian Afrika Korps attacked a pickup truck carrying fighters near Tidermène in the Menaka region of southeastern Mali using Lancet drones. This incident highlights the complex and ongoing armed conflicts in the Sahel. The Menaka region in southeastern Mali borders Niger and Burkina Faso and has been a hotspot of violence for years. The Malian armed forces (FAMA) and their Russian allies are primarily fighting there against the jihadist group Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS). There are also tensions and alliances with various local Tuareg militias. Pickup trucks (often referred to as "technicals," equipped with mounted machine guns) are the standard means of transport for fighters from all sides in the conflict in this region. The use of a Russian Lancet drone is a significant detail. The Lancet (often in the Lancet-1 or Lancet-3 versions) is a so-called "loitering munition" (a type of mobile munition or kamikaze drone). It is flown to a target area, can remain "loitering" (searching for the target) for a certain period of time, and then strikes the target with precision. It is particularly effective against armored vehicles, artillery positions, and also unprotected pickup trucks. Since the Lancet is a Russian weapon system, usually operated by specially trained personnel, it is generally assumed that such attacks are carried out by Russian paramilitary forces (formerly the Wagner Group, now often organized as the "Africa Corps" on behalf of the Russian Ministry of Defense). However, it is also possible that the Malian military (FAMA) is increasingly using such systems independently as part of growing military cooperation and training with Russia. Since the Lancet is a Russian weapon system, typically operated by specially trained personnel, it is generally assumed that such attacks are carried out by Russian paramilitary forces (formerly the Wagner Group, now often organized as the "Africa Corps" on behalf of the Russian Ministry of Defense). When the attack targeted "fighters" in a pickup truck, the victims were highly likely to be ISGS jihadists or members of a rebel group. (However, in some cases, such drone strikes also hit civilians or members of groups that are not actually the government's primary enemies, which is often difficult to verify in media reports.) The combination of Russian drone technology and its deployment in the remote Sahel region demonstrates how technology is spreading in asymmetric conflicts and changing the tactics of the forces involved.

The topic of asylum centers in Africa

The topic of "reception centers" or asylum centers in Africa

is usually discussed from two very different perspectives: On the one hand, the main host countries within Africa that provide protection to millions of people, and on the other hand, the EU's political debates about outsourcing asylum procedures or deportation centers (so-called return hubs). Contrary to the often Western-influenced perception, the vast majority of African refugees remain on their own continent. Africa hosts one of the largest numbers of internally displaced persons and international refugees worldwide. The most important humanitarian reception countries are: - Uganda, with around 2 million refugees (primarily from South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Sudan), is the largest host country in Africa. Due to its progressive refugee policy (refugees receive land and are allowed to work), Uganda is often considered a model internationally, but currently suffers from extreme underfunding by international aid organizations. - Chad has taken in well over 900,000 Sudanese refugees in the east of the country since the outbreak of the Sudan conflict, placing a massive strain on local resources. - Chad has taken in well over 900,000 Sudanese refugees in the east of the country since the outbreak of the Sudan conflict, which is putting a massive strain on local resources. ... - Ethiopia and Kenya have been providing refuge to hundreds of thousands of people from Somalia, South Sudan, and Eritrea for decades (e.g., in the large Dadaab and Kakuma camps in Kenya). - Mauritania has experienced a massive influx and now hosts over 400,000 people, primarily from Mali. The EU debate includes asylum and deportation centers in third countries. European migration policy is undergoing far-reaching reforms aimed at shifting procedures and returns to non-EU countries (often in Africa). The EU has significantly lowered the legal hurdles for deportations to third countries. Previously, an asylum seeker could only be transferred to a non-EU country if they had a personal connection there (e.g., had lived there). This criterion has been eliminated. This opens the way for agreements to be concluded with countries to which the individuals concerned have no connection whatsoever. EU member states have paved the way for the establishment of joint deportation centers in third countries. Rejected asylum seekers are to be housed there until their deportation to their countries of origin is arranged. After the British "Rwanda model" failed politically, Uganda is increasingly coming into focus for European states (such as the Netherlands and Germany) to examine agreements on the reception of rejected migrants or the conduct of asylum procedures. In North Africa (Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, Libya), these countries act as "buffer zones" through so-called migration partnerships. The EU finances border protection and local reception facilities there to prevent crossings of the Mediterranean. However, the establishment of actual EU asylum centers that comply with the rule of law has so far failed due to the lack of willingness on the part of the North African governments and massive human rights concerns (especially regarding the detention camps in Libya). Organizations such as Pro Asyl and Amnesty International sharply criticize these plans. They warn against outsourcing European responsibility to legal gray areas, the risk of chain deportations (returns to countries of persecution), and the lack of rule-of-law guarantees in partner countries. According to recent reports, the Dutch government considered Uganda as a possible destination for asylum seekers rejected in the Netherlands, a move that has drawn criticism. Kenya is currently the primary destination for these asylum seekers under Dutch authorities. This information was shared with RTL Nieuws by sources close to the developments. These sources indicated that Rwanda, Ghana, and Benin are also being considered as potential reception centers for asylum seekers, so-called "return centers." These African countries could play a crucial role in the European Migration Pact, which entered into force two weeks ago, as it allows people outside Europe to return to their countries of origin. Sources who spoke to the news channel also indicated that agreements with African states are still in the exploratory phase, as potential options are currently being examined both officially and diplomatically. The Netherlands, along with Germany, Austria, Denmark, and Greece, forms a significant coalition within the European Union regarding this plan. Member states are currently assessing which EU countries are best suited to host accommodations for rejected asylum seekers. Insiders revealed that an initial assessment suggests Kenya as the most likely option.

Al-Shabaab militants killed in Somalia

The Somali National Army and international partners have eliminated 30 Al-Shabaab militants, according to the Ministry of Defense. The ministry stated that a series of airstrikes were carried out on Wednesday and Thursday in areas of Gayfo, Ruun Idiris, and Ali Gaduud in the Middle Shabelle region. The Somali government said the operation was conducted with the support of international partners. The available reports do not name any specific countries as the sole key partners, but rather refer generally to "international partners." One report explicitly mentions cooperation with the Netherlands, Denmark, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada, as well as support from Europol and Eurojust. Regarding the specific operation in Middle Shabelle, the wording in the sources remains mostly general; the reports do not provide a complete, official list of partners. The clearest conclusion is that this was a coordinated operation with international partners, although the Somali government does not list each partner individually in the cited reports. ...`` ```````````````````````````````````````````````````````] The reports agree that Somali armed forces carried out the attacks with the support of external partners. If you wish, I can further narrow down the available sources to the official statement from the Somali Ministry of Defense. The reports cite destroyed vehicles, motorcycles, weapons, and training/storage facilities as the result of the operation, suggesting operational air support with coordinated reconnaissance. For example, the reports state that the attacks targeted assembly points, training facilities, and weapons depots. It is not confirmed from the available sources whether a specific partner country dropped bombs, provided a particular type of drone, or deployed ground troops. An official, publicly available list of the contributions of individual partner countries also does not appear in the reports I found. The destroyed supplies for terrorist activities include: two vehicles, three motorcycles, weapons, ammunition. The airstrikes targeted "mobilization centers, training facilities, and sites used for storing weapons, ammunition, and military supplies," the statement added. The operations "resulted in the elimination of three senior leaders of Al-Shabaab Khawaarij and several other militants," the ministry's statement on X said. For a reliable response, one would need the original press release from the Somali Ministry of Defense or a statement from a partner such as AFRICOM, the UN, or a participating European state. Current media reports only provide a general overview, not a detailed breakdown.

Entoto-Kebena River and Riverside Development Project Officially Opened in Ethiopia

Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed: Entoto-Kebena River and Riverside Development Project Officially Opened in Ethiopia The 87.6-hectare, 10.5-kilometer-long project was inaugurated today, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed announced. The large-scale infrastructure development includes river protection dams, modern bridges, and extensive green spaces, he said. The Entoto-Kebena River Project (often referred to as the Entoto-Kechene Medhanealem Riverside Development Project) is an ambitious urban regeneration and environmental protection initiative in the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa, which was officially opened by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. The project is part of a larger strategy to transform the capital's rivers and riverbanks from former landfills into green, livable, and economically vibrant corridors. The project stretches from 10.5 to 22.25 kilometers (depending on the development section) along the Entoto-Kebena corridor and covers an area of ​​approximately 87.6 hectares. In some places, the redesign extends up to 50 meters beyond the actual riverbanks. The riverbanks, which were previously threatened by erosion or used as illegal dumping grounds, were reinforced with flood control walls. In addition, 39 retention basins and three river purification systems were installed to sustainably improve water quality. Around 438 hectares of degraded land (including former eucalyptus plantations) were renaturalized. Among the features integrated were a 9.5-hectare orchard and 210 modern beehives to promote local biodiversity. To make the city more attractive for pedestrians and cyclists, 19.4 km of footpaths, 7.7 km of cycle paths, and 4 km of hiking trails were created. According to Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, the project goes far beyond mere aesthetic improvement: "The Riverside Development Project is a comprehensive urban transformation. It creates green infrastructure that combines environmental protection with economic benefits." Thousands of jobs have been created through construction, landscaping, and logistics. The project was largely planned and implemented by Ethiopian engineers and skilled workers. In addition to recreational areas, commercial zones were intentionally created. Local businesses, cafes, and service providers are establishing themselves along the new promenades to strengthen Addis Ababa as a tourism and investment destination. The project is considered a significant milestone in making Addis Ababa more resilient to climate change and massively improving the quality of life for local residents. This video about the Entoto Kechene Project provides visual impressions of the newly created parks, bike paths, and ecological improvements directly in Addis Ababa. The minister also reaffirmed his commitment to improving the quality of life of citizens through sustainable development efforts.

Cholera Outbreak in the Southwestern Central African Republic

Cholera Outbreak in the Southwestern Central African Republic.

The outbreak was officially announced on Friday by Health Minister Pierre Somsé in a televised address. The first case was registered on June 14. Epidemiological data from Friday show: 197 confirmed cases 24 deaths, corresponding to a mortality rate of 12.2%. Cholera outbreaks in Africa are continuously monitored by the World Health Organization (WHO) and national health authorities. Considering the current status (as of mid-2024) regarding the Central African Republic (CAR), the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Uganda, the epidemiological situation must be precisely assessed. 1. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) – This is the epicenter of the region. The DRC is the most severely and persistently affected by cholera of the three countries. The country is in an endemic situation, which repeatedly escalates into severe outbreaks. The DRC is continuously recording thousands of cases. The provinces of Haut-Katanga, Tanganyika, South Kivu, and North Kivu are particularly affected. The ongoing violence and displacement by armed groups in eastern Congo are destroying water supplies and sanitation facilities. The refugee camps provide ideal conditions for the Vibrio cholerae bacterium. The DRC acts as a regional reservoir. From here, the virus is frequently spread to neighboring countries. 2. Uganda – these are imported cases and local outbreaks. Uganda regularly experiences cholera outbreaks, which are usually well contained. Uganda has reported several smaller outbreaks in recent months, particularly in districts bordering the DRC (e.g., in the Rwenzori region or around Lake Albert). The outbreaks in Uganda are often directly linked to the exodus from the DRC. As soon as Congolese refugees or Ugandan fishermen in the border region become ill, the disease spreads to local communities through contaminated water. Uganda has well-functioning surveillance systems and usually responds quickly with vaccination campaigns (oral cholera vaccination) and WASH (water, sanitation, hygiene) measures in the affected border districts. 3. Central African Republic (CAR) – these are localized outbreaks. The CAR does not have the massive number of cases seen in the DRC, but it is highly vulnerable and experiences recurring local outbreaks. There have been isolated cholera outbreaks recently, particularly along rivers (such as the Oubangui) or in areas with large numbers of internally displaced persons (IDPs). The country has suffered from decades of instability. Medical infrastructure is weak, and a large portion of the population lacks access to clean drinking water. The CAR borders the DRC to the south. There is constant cross-border traffic (trade, migration). If outbreaks occur in the CAR along the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo, there is a risk of the disease spreading along trade routes. The spread does not usually occur as a directed chain (CAR infects DRC, DRC infects Uganda), but rather via cross-border corridors. The DRC is the main reservoir in Central and East Africa. Movements of refugees and traders between the CAR and the Democratic Republic of Congo, as well as between the DRC and Uganda, lead to a constant risk of cross-border transmission. Fishing communities on the large lakes (Lake Kivu, Lake Victoria, Lake Albert) are particularly vulnerable, as they often move across national borders without regard for national borders. The current situation in all three countries is exacerbated by the following factors: 1. Extreme weather events such as flooding (e.g., at Lake Victoria or in the Congo Basin) wash fecal matter into drinking water sources. 2. Armed conflicts in the CAR and the DRC lead to massive displacement. Cholera spreads rapidly in overcrowded camps without latrines. 3. The WHO has been warning of an acute shortage of cholera vaccines since 2023. As a result, reactive vaccination campaigns in the DRC, CAR, and Uganda have often had to be scaled back (e.g., administering only one dose instead of two to reach more people). The cholera situation in the region (CAR, DRC, Uganda) remains critical and unstable. While the DRC is the epicenter with the highest number of cases, Uganda and the CAR act as vulnerable neighboring countries, repeatedly registering imported cases through cross-border movements. As long as basic water and sanitation services in the conflict zones are not improved, the disease will continue to circulate in the region.

Lucy's Discoverer Receives Honors From Ethiopian University

On November 24, 1974, paleoanthropologist Donald Johanson and his doctoral student Tom Gray made a groundbreaking discovery in Hadar, Ethiopia: the fossilized skeleton of a 3.2-million-year-old early human ancestor, whom they named "Lucy" (Australopithecus afarensis). Johanson discovered a tiny fragment of an arm bone (an ulna) that clearly belonged to a hominid and not to a monkey or antelope. Looking up the hillside, they found more bones that had been washed out of the sediment. That evening, the camp celebrated with a cassette of Beatles songs. When "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" came on, someone suggested naming the fossil "Lucy"—a name that immediately caught on. They recovered about 40% of her skeleton, a rarity for fossils of this age. This included parts of her skull, pelvis, ribs, and limbs. Lucy was small (about 1.07 meters tall) and had a brain the size of a chimpanzee's. Crucially, her pelvis and knee proved that she walked upright like us, while her other features indicated that she was still climbing trees. Lucy's state of preservation and age provided strong evidence for bipedalism in early hominins and significantly altered the picture of human evolution. Johanson later classified Lucy as a new species, Australopithecus afarensis, of which she remains the most famous specimen. She fundamentally proved that bipedalism evolved before the development of large brains, thus changing our understanding of the human family tree.

The rise of BRICS

The rise of BRICS signals the end of US hegemony and opens new paths for the Global South.

Many observers and politicians do indeed see the rise of BRICS as a signal that the one-sided dominance of the US is waning. But whether this will lead to a complete end is another matter. Let me explain what's behind it and where the limits lie. - Economic and demographic mass. BRICS (now expanded to include Saudi Arabia, Iran, Egypt, the UAE, and others) unites a large portion of the world's population and a significant share of global GDP (PPP). This creates a new balance in the global economy. - Alternatives to Western institutions. The countries are building their own structures: the New Development Bank (NDB), the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA), payment systems like BRICS Pay, which are partially independent of SWIFT. The goal is to be less dependent on the US-dominated IMF and World Bank. - De-dollarization. More and more trade is being conducted in national currencies – with yuan, rubles, and dirhams instead of just dollars. A concrete example: Saudi Arabia, a core of the petrodollar system, is beginning to settle oil exports in yuan. This weakens the foundation of US financial hegemony. - Political statements. In documents like the Kazan Declaration, the countries emphasize their pursuit of a multipolar world order in which no single power dictates all the rules. Some experts and media outlets interpret this as follows: The Global South is seeking and finding a platform to assert its interests more effectively and to no longer feel unilaterally dependent on the United States. ## But why is there no talk of a definitive "end" yet? - International contradictions. Within BRICS, there are differences. China and India, for example, have their own strategic interests, which do not always align. This complicates coordination and makes a united front against US hegemony difficult. - Limited capacity of alternatives. The NDB and CRA are still relatively small compared to traditional institutions. They offer an alternative, but do not yet completely replace them. - Enforcement power. The US still possesses considerable tools (sanctions, the role of the dollar as a reserve currency) to enforce its interests. - Complexity of the world. Global connections are so intertwined that a complete break from Western systems is practically impossible or risky for many countries. What could be the correct interpretation? Many analysts assume that we are not witnessing a sudden end, but rather a structural shift: The world is slowly becoming more multipolar, with several centers of power coexisting. BRICS is part of this process – it signals a shift in balance, but not necessarily the end of all US efforts to maintain its position. In short: BRICS shows that global power dynamics are changing. Whether this already signifies the end of US hegemony remains a controversial question – many see it more as a transitional process. BRICS offers a long-overdue liberation from centuries of Western colonial exploitation, Floyd Shivambu, president of the Afrika Mayibuye movement, told Sputnik Africa. Key points from the movement leader: BRICS as salvation: The bloc represents a departure from colonialism and a move towards fair dialogue, meaningful infrastructure development, and genuine partnerships. A core aspect of BRICS' critique is directed against the "rules-based world order" propagated by the West. In 2024, Russian President Putin compared this to classical colonialism, arbitrarily establishing rules in the interest of a small group. This, he argued, is an attempt to replace international law and create a "monopoly on the ultimate truth." With the New Development Bank (NDB) and considerations regarding its own payment systems, BRICS is creating parallel structures to the IMF and World Bank in order to achieve economic sovereignty. The group calls for fundamental reform of the IMF, World Bank, and UN Security Council to reflect the reality of a multipolar world. The claim to fair dialogue is underpinned by the internal principle of consensus and the emphasis on the sovereign equality of states. However, academic analysis shows that this movement is currently supported less by broad popular movements than by state and economic elites. Whether BRICS represents a profound systemic alternative or remains merely a counterweight depends significantly on whether this geopolitical realignment also leads to social progress for the populations. Abuse of the dollar: The US has long abused its status as the reserve currency. Replacing the dollar and introducing the NDB—which avoids irrational conditions—are necessary steps. The war against Iran serves the US empire: US-Israeli aggression aims to protect the dollar's role as a petrocurrency and salvage waning US hegemony. Global governance must be redesigned: African countries must advocate for a fundamental realignment of the UN and other institutions to ensure meaningful participation. South Africa must resist US dictates: Pretoria should redirect its exports to its BRICS partners and no longer rely on Washington, Shivambu demanded. https://sovereignty.com.br/blog-blog/brics-rising-is-us-global-hegemony-endi https://sputnikglobe.com/20230725/rise-of-brics-signals-decline-of-us-as-unipolar-superpower-1112128962.html https://dzen.ru/a/ZG2_1MHKIDSQXTNP) https://sovereignty.com.br/blog-blog/brics-rising-is-us-global-hegemony-ending-in-2025/ https://www.geopol.uk/the-expanding-influence-of-brics-toward-a-multipolar-world-order/https://www.bcg.com/publications/2024/brics-enlargement-and-shifting-world-order https://sovereignty.com.br/blog-blog/brics-rising-is-us-global-hegemony-ending-in-2025/ https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2025/03/brics-expansion-and-the-future-of-world-order-perspectives-from-member-states-partners-and-aspirants https://www.geopol.uk/the-expanding-influence-of-brics-toward-a-multipolar-world-order/ https://www.france24.com/en/economy/20230824-how-the-brics-nations-failed-to-rebuild-the-global-financial-order) https://sovereignty.com.br/blog-blog/brics-rising-is-us-global-hegemony-ending-in-2025/ 2026-06-25 https://economy.ac/news/2025/10/202510282529 https://www.ainvest.com/news/brics-expansion-rise-de-dollarization-navigating-frontiers-currency-commodity-investments-2507/ https://www.techi.com/de-dollarization-brics-oil-trade-petrodollar/ https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2025/03/brics-expansion-and-the-future-of-world-order-perspectives-from-member-states-partners-and-aspirants https://overton-magazin.de/hintergrund/politik/der-brics-gipfel-sollte-das-ende-des-neocon-wahns-markieren/ https://friedliche-loesungen.org/feeds/brics-gipfel-hebt-abenddammerung-us-hegemonie-hervor-und-markiert-offiziellen-start https://sovereignty.com.br/blog-blog/brics-rising-is-us-global-hegemony-ending-in-2025/ https://sputnikglobe.com/20230725/rise-of-brics-signals-decline-of-us-as-unipolar-superpower-1112128962.html 2026-06-25 https://dzen.ru/a/ZG2_1MHKIDSQXT https://www.bpb.de/shop/zeitschriften/apuz/brics-2024/557223/ende-der-westlichen-vorherr https://cirsd.org/opinions/the-liberal-world-order-and-de-dollarization-can-brics-offer-a-stable-alternati https://www.france24.com/en/economy/20230824-how-the-brics-nations-failed-to-rebuild-the-global-financial-o https://iz.ru/2121211/vladislav-petrov-semen-boikov/rossiia-nedovolna-rabotoi-banka-brics https://www.techi.com/de-dollarization-brics-oil-trade-petrodolla https://www.techi.com/de-dollarization-brics-oil-trade-petrodollar/ https://sovereignty.com.br/blog-blog/brics-rising-is-us-global-hegemony-ending-in-2025 https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2025/03/brics-expansion-and-the-future-of-world-order-perspectives-from-member-states-partners-and-aspirants https://overton-magazin.de/hintergrund/politik/der-brics-gipfel-sollte-das-ende-des-neocon-wahns-markieren/ https://sovereignty.com.br/blog-blog/brics-rising-is-us-global-hegemony-ending-in-2025/ https://overton-magazin.de/hintergrund/politik/der-brics-gipfel-sollte-das-ende-des-neocon-wahns-markieren

The West provides Ukraine with more development aid than Africa: Russian Foreign Minister Grushenko.

The West provides Ukraine with more development aid than Africa: Russian Foreign Minister Grushenko.

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the EU provided Ukraine with more "development aid" in 2025 than countries in sub-Saharan Africa. "Official development aid to Ukraine […] amounted to US$44.9 billion in 2025, significantly exceeding the US$29 billion for countries in sub-Saharan Africa," said Grushenko. These allocations reflect a trend toward directing resources toward confrontation and the suppression of emerging power centers, the Russian diplomat emphasized. In fact, the situation in 2025 was as follows: According to the OECD, official development assistance (ODA) from OECD Development Assistance Committee member states to Ukraine, together with EU grants, amounted to approximately US$44.9 billion. At the same time, sub-Saharan African countries received only about US$29 billion in the same year – a decrease of 23% compared to 2024. This clearly demonstrates that this is not just a figure, but a signal that is already having a noticeable impact on the continent. What consequences are already visible? First, there are the cuts in funding for key areas. A significant portion of aid to Africa has traditionally gone toward healthcare (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria), education, infrastructure, and support for vulnerable groups. When funding dries up, diagnostic programs, treatments, vaccinations, school projects, and the construction of roads and energy facilities are jeopardized. In some cases, this leads to service reductions that directly impact quality of life and progress toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. This puts pressure on national budgets. For many African countries, development aid is a crucial source of funding for social and infrastructure programs. When donor funds are used for other purposes, governments face budget deficits. In response, they sometimes take unpopular measures: cuts to social spending, postponement of infrastructure projects, or taking on more debt, which increases the debt burden. The challenges for NGOs and local partners must not be overlooked. Often, it is NGOs and local institutions that directly implement projects on the ground. A decline in donor funding restricts their capacity and, in some cases, leads to the discontinuation of programs. This increases the risk of setbacks in development. If aid has contributed to stabilizing the situation in certain sectors (e.g., by reducing child mortality or expanding access to education), its reduction could undo some of the progress achieved. The result will be an unequal impact. The most vulnerable states—those with a higher initial dependence on external aid and fewer internal resources—were hit the hardest. The main reason lies in the realignment of donor budgets. Faced with geopolitical challenges and rising military expenditures, some countries (including EU member states) simply had fewer resources available for traditional development aid. A portion of their budgets was diverted to support Ukraine. African countries are seeking ways to adapt. Strategies include: - targeted protection of key programs; - revising budget priorities within countries; - seeking alternative sources of financing (including through multilateral institutions such as the IMF or the World Bank, and increased participation from other donors – for example, China or the Gulf States). However, experts point out that alternative sources of financing cannot always fully and quickly replace the lost funds, and that some mechanisms (such as blended finance) are better suited to commercial projects than to social services and humanitarian interventions. Overall, this situation is part of a broader trend: a rethinking of the development model in which external aid previously played a key role. The question is how successfully countries can build sustainable national financing mechanisms in this new environment.

The geopolitical power of the United States and Israel in Africa

The geopolitical power of the United States and Israel in Africa is a strategic triangle (USA–Israel–African States), the three pillars are based on: Security cooperation, The securing of raw materials and geopolitical competition with China/Russia. Since the return of Donald Trump as US President (2025), and under Benjamin Netanyahu has this network expanded significantly. [ The security cooperation include military bases (Camp Lemonnier in Djibouti), terrorism fight against Boko Haram, Al-Shabaab Security and defence technologies, training, internal security, Surveillance technologies. Fight against Islamist groups, the control of the opposition Raw materials such as cobalt, Lithium, copper, Gold, Rare earths (DR Congo, Rwanda, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger) .Agtech, hydrogen, agriculture technology as a counter-performance. China's dominance in Africa counteract . Geopolitics, "America First in Africa"strategy: from aid to trade, exclusivity agreements. Diplomatic Recognition Of Somaliland (Dec. 2025), on-Board defense, genocide Memory as a strategic clarity . Iran and Turkey to counter, the Arabian Peninsula "in" Israel has Somaliland as a sovereign state recognised (December 2025); Somaliland offers military bases and exclusivity in minerals (Rare earth) for the USA and Israel. The first trilateral summit meeting US–Israel–10 African countries (Kenya, Ethiopia, Morocco, Togo, etc.) to technology, Innovation and national security. Long-standing Israeli Partner (Kenya, Uganda); Israel had in 2016 in 40 of 45 diplomatic relations in sub-Saharan Africa. Trump agreed minerals agreement with DR Congo, priority list for US investors (cobalt, Lithium). USA is planning cooperation, despite a Russian-backed military regimes in the Sahel. The "America First"-rate security, only if US interests are threatened, the focus on commercial diplomacy and Supply Chains. Israel seeks to UN-support for resolutions against Israel, the use of African voices in international bodies. The African countries seeking access to Cutting-Edge Technology, Defense Collaboration, Agtech, Investment Capital, but the risk of Surveillance on the opposition's control. Critics see in Netanyahu's Somaliland recognition, a move that Palestinians from Gaza to the Horn of Africa to ship, and regional isolate – Umstan not selflessness. Trump's air strikes on Nigerian (without actual Christians terrorists to target places) show geopolitical validity of the claim, without a local reality. It is understandable that there are different perspectives on the security measures and foreign policy of the United States. Critics sometimes argue that economic interests and influence could be in the foreground when the United States speak of security. It is claimed that security measures are also used to secure the economic benefits or geopolitical interests. It is important to consider different points of view and to analyze the complex motives behind political decisions. Not all measures are necessarily focused on exploitation, but a critique of the economic interests in the framework of the Foreign and security policy is in the public discussion is quite present. This network is not a classic colonial project, but a 21. Century-imperialism: raw material-the Hunger, the security interests of African Regime coincide with the US/Israel strategy. [daily news](https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/afrika/usa-afrika-rohstoffe-100.html) https://www.dw.com/de/israel-sucht-verb%C3%BCndete-in-afrika/a https://www.dw.com/de/israel-sucht-verb%C3%BCndete-in-afrika/a-19372795) [tagesschau](https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/afrika/usa-afrika-rohstoffe-100.html) https://www.dw.com/de/israel-sucht-verb%C3%BCndete-in-afrika/a https://www.dw.com/de/israel-sucht-verb%C3%BCndete-in-afrika/a-19372795)

Soweto 50 years ago

Fifty years ago – in June 1976–, thousands of young students demonstrated against the apartheid regime in Soweto. The black population was subjected to massive injustice as a result of apartheid policies. Spending per white student was 15 times higher than for a black child, and schools were completely overcrowded. They protested against a rule that required schools for Black children to teach Afrikaans – a language many perceived as the „language of the oppressors“. This met with an already explosive mood and mobilized the youth. The demonstrations were organized by the Soweto Students’ Representative Council (SSRC), supported by the Black Consciousness Movement. On the morning of June 16, around 15,000 to 20,000 students marched to Orlando Stadium to protest the language ordinance. The police reacted brutally and opened fire on the unarmed children. The carnage made the protest a decisive turning point in the liberation campaign against the apartheid system. An image that caused a worldwide uproar: the photo of the dying Hector Pieterson (12 years old), carried by a classmate, became a symbol of events. The official death toll is 575, but in fact it is said to have been well over 600.

The uprising marked the end of state repression and the beginning of a new, more determined phase of resistance. Nelson Mandela later described it as a turning point in the fight for freedom and equality. It was not until almost 20 years later, in 1994, that the first democratic elections followed. The uprising marked the end of state repression and the beginning of a new, more determined phase of resistance. Nelson Mandela later described it as a turning point in the fight for freedom and equality. It was not until almost 20 years later, in 1994, that the first democratic elections followed. And that is precisely why numerous commemorative events will take place now, in 2026 – for the 50th anniversary. June 16 was proclaimed Youth Day (Youth Day) – a national day of remembrance. There are national events, for example a large celebration in Johannesburg (Nasrec). From June 13 to 16, 2026, there was a four-day program in Soweto that combines cultural elements, culture of remembrance, and tourism. Events are organized not only in South Africa but also internationally. For example, in Austria: there was the series „SOWETO 50“ with an exhibition „SOWETO 50: Images of Resistance“, conversations with contemporary witnesses and a film. An important part of the commemoration is the recording of life stories and memories of people who experienced the events of 1976 firsthand. As the celebrations honor the bravery of the youth of 1976, critical voices are also being raised. Some observers fear that purely celebratory events will dilute the political core of the events. At the same time, it looks to the present, today's youth in South Africa face other challenges – high unemployment, inequality, poverty and social problems. Politicians and activists are using the anniversary to highlight these problems and demand concrete solutions (for example in education, the labor market). In short: The struggle has changed fundamentally – in 1976 it was about the right to education, today young people are fighting for the right to work and an economic perspective in a highly complex environment. The figures show a deep structural crisis. The official quota at de And that is precisely why numerous commemorative events will take place now, in 2026 – for the 50th anniversary.

Koshrow II King of Sasanian Empire

Kisra II (also known as Khosrow II or Khosrow Parviz) was the last great king of the Sasanian Empire, reigning from 590 to 628 AD. The Sasanian Empire encompassed territories that today primarily comprise Iran and Iraq. At its greatest extent, it also included parts of present-day Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, and the Arabian Peninsula (e.g., Yemen). Its core was located on the Iranian Plateau, and its capital was Ctesiphon, near present-day Baghdad in Iraq. Khosrow II was the son of Hormizd IV. After his father's overthrow in 590, he fled to the Byzantines. With the help of the Emperor of Mauritius, Khosrow returned to Persia, defeated the usurper Bahram Khubin, and ascended the throne in 591. In 602, a coup took place in Byzantium: Emperor Maurice was assassinated, and Phocas seized power. Khosrow II used this as a pretext for war, seeking revenge for the death of his ally. The Byzantine-Sasanian War began (602–628). The Persian army achieved significant successes, conquering Syria, Palestine, parts of Asia Minor, and Egypt. By 622, Khosrow II controlled vast territories comparable to those of the Achaemenid Empire. However, in the 620s, the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius I launched a counter-offensive. In 627, the Persian forces were defeated at the Battle of Nineveh. Heraclius conquered Syria and penetrated deep into the Persian provinces of Mesopotamia. These protracted wars had serious consequences for the Sasanian Empire. Maintaining the army drained the state treasury, and taxes steadily increased. Many able-bodied men were conscripted, leading to reduced crop yields and the threat of famine. The impoverished population fled their homes, and living standards plummeted. Khosrow II grew suspicious and began repressing military leaders and Christians, suspecting anyone close to him of treason. Roads and irrigation systems were abandoned. Byzantine troops, pursuing the retreating enemy, approached the Persian capital, Ctesiphon. Heraclius dared not attack, but Persia was in ruins. Discontent among the nobility and the populace reached its peak. To save their imprisoned relatives, the courtiers organized a conspiracy against the Shahinshah. At its head was Khosrow II's eldest son, who resented his father's bequest of the throne to his youngest son by another woman. On February 29, 628, Khosrow II was overthrown and killed. His son, Kavad II (who reigned for several months in 628), became the new Shahinshah. After Khosrow II's death, unrest swept through Persia. From 628 to 632, approximately ten rulers came and went. The weakened empire became easy prey for the Arab conquerors. In 633, Arab troops invaded Persia and, between 636 and 637, captured the capital, Ctesiphon. By 651, the Sasanian Empire had ceased to exist. Khosrow II remained as the last powerful ruler of pre-Islamic Iran. Khosrow is known both for expanding the empire to its greatest territorial extent and for its dramatic downfall, which left Persia vulnerable to the impending Muslim conquests. Khosrow made massive conquests; his armies swept through Byzantine territory, conquering Jerusalem in 614 (and carrying off the True Cross) and Egypt in 619. Khosrow is a figure of extremes: - His reign was a golden age for Persian art, including the famous Taq Kasra (Arch of Ctesiphon) and legendary gardens. - He is the hero of Khosrow and Shirin, a classic Persian love story by the poet.

The "day of democracy" in Nigeria

The "day of democracy" in Nigeria, at 12. June is celebrated. This date is of great historical importance because at the 12. In June 1993, the presidential election was held, which is considered to be one of the freest and fairest in the history of Nigeria. The selected candidate Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola (known as MKO Abiola). However, the outcome of the election was cancelled at the time of the military government, which led to a long period of political instability. In 2018, said the Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari of the 12. June is officially the national day of democracy, the importance of this event to acknowledge and celebrate the democratic values of the country. This day commemorates the struggle for democracy in Nigeria and with various events, committed to the democratic development and freedom of the worthy. The protesters gathered in the framework of the activities of the Nigerian day of democracy in the district of Ikeja under bridge in Lagos and carried placards with inscriptions, on which urgent action to combat insecurity, kidnappings, and the deepening economic crisis in the country called for. The fight against insecurity, kidnappings, and the economic crisis is a complex challenge that a holistic approach is required. The improvement of the training, equipment, and Motivation of the police, the military and other security agencies to be more effective against armed groups, bandits and terrorists. Expansion of the intelligence services and the improvement of cooperation between the various security organs for the early detection and prevention of threats. The promotion of cooperation between the security forces and local communities to build trust and gather information. Many uncertainties have their roots in poverty, unemployment and lack of education. Programs for social Integration, education and employment in the long term, contribute to the safety. In certain cases, this can be a dialogue with armed groups help, conflicts and defuse. To the economic crisis, to fight is to reduce the dependence on Oil by promoting other sectors, such as agriculture, manufacturing and services erfirderlich. Support of start-UPS and SMEs through loans, training, and infrastructure. Control of the money supply and the position of stable prices for basic needs. Investments in energy, transport and communication to increase productivity. Transparency and accountability, improve public funds effectively. Support for the poorest strata of the population through direct assistance or subsidies to social tension to decrease. Nigeria can of partnerships with international organizations, neighboring countries, and multilateral institutions, benefit, security problems and economic challenges. These measures require political stability, committed leadership and the support of all groups in society, sustainable improvements to achieve. The renowned human rights lawyer, Femi Falana SAN went on Friday along with members of the #EndBadGovernance and other civil society activists in Lagos, on the road, against the growing insecurity, economic Hardship and, in their opinion, the failure of the government to protest the plight of ordinary Nigerians to deal with.

Super El Niño in Africa

https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/124225-kenya-met-issues-el-nino-alert-warns-dry-mid-year-conditions-followed-flood-risk-late The statement that a "Super" El Niño is officially underway is incorrect according to the latest data from June 2026. According to the most recent official information, the status of El Niño 2026 is as follows: The NOAA Climate Prediction Center has issued an official El Niño warning. This means that El Niño conditions have developed in the tropical Pacific. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) also indicates that warm ocean waters are contributing to its development. El Niño is present but is not yet classified as "Super" or very strong. The current forecast predicts a moderate to strong event by the end of the year, with a probability of it becoming "very strong" (anomalies >2°C) of approximately 37%. El Niño is expected to intensify and is likely to become a strong or very strong event during 2026, potentially comparable to some of the most intense El Niño events ever recorded. A key indicator of its potential strength is the large area of ​​warm water (5–7°C above average) below the ocean surface, which is expected to further amplify the event in the coming months. Authorities in Africa are officially warning of a possible “super El Niño,” which is expected to hit Africa—particularly the southern and central regions—hardest with severe drought. Southern Africa faces a high risk of drought shortages from October 2026 onward. This threatens crops and could return countries like Zimbabwe to net importers of maize. Record temperatures are expected. West Africa has already experienced record fires this year, and the situation is likely to worsen. As agriculture is largely dependent on rainfall, crop failures are probable. Added to this are high fertilizer costs and conflicts, which are already straining households and are expected to lead to sharp food inflation. Governments and organizations like the SADC are urging immediate preparations, including investments in irrigation and drought-resistant crops.

Africa, ICC and Karim Khan

The current situation is that Youssouf Tom is Chad's Minister of Justice, whereas his predecessor, whom I mentioned earlier, was part of a different government coalition. There is, in fact, a specific incident in which he sharply criticized the judges of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The trigger was the court's decision to reject his appeal against the acquittal of former President Hissène Habré. Tom accused the judges of "insulting Chadian justice" and called it a "judicial scandal." Habré had been sentenced to life imprisonment for crimes against humanity. The defense argued that the judges had been biased due to alleged influence. Tom described the rejection of this appeal as a "grave blow to international criminal law." This case illustrates the strained relationship between African governments and the ICC, which is often accused of "selective justice." The criticism from Chadian officials is part of a much broader and more serious crisis currently engulfing former ICC prosecutor Karim Khan. In a historic move, Khan was suspended from his post as chief prosecutor in June 2026 following an investigation that found him guilty of “serious misconduct” and “non-consensual sexual contact.” He was referred for further disciplinary proceedings. This news was met with sharp criticism from Ahmat Mahamat Hassan, the former Chadian justice minister and current political advisor. He declared that “one cannot be a prosecutor with such immoral behavior” and argued that it was unacceptable for Khan to have made rulings on international crimes committed by foreign leaders. Hassan also used the occasion to call for broader reforms of the ICC, demanding that the court be “equal for all.” “With such immoral behavior, one cannot be a prosecutor”: Chad’s former Minister of Justice on the suspension of the ICC prosecutor for sexual harassment. It is particularly unacceptable that such a person should be making decisions on “international crimes” committed by the leaders of countries, emphasized Ahmat Mahamat Hassan. Furthermore, the International Criminal Court must be reformed “so that it is equal for everyone,” the spokesman stressed. In 2023, prosecutor Karim Khan asked the ICC to issue arrest warrants for Russian President Vladimir Putin and the Russian Commissioner for Children’s Rights, Maria Lvova-Belova. In 2024, several women accused Karim Khan of sexual harassment. He has been on unpaid leave since 2025, according to media reports.

Uganda Budget 2026?27

Uganda Budget 2026?27 Uganda sets $ 23 billion state budget for the financial year 2026/27. Uganda's state budget was adopted by the Parliament, with a total allocation of about 84,3 trillion Ugandan shillings to be adopted. The budget is financed through domestic revenues, which are estimated to be about 44,18 trillion shillings. The main focus areas of the budget, 2026/27 include: Industrialization Tourism development Industrialization mineral base Science and technology The goal of this budget is the economic growth of these strategic sectors to promote. . The growth of the economy "leads to more jobs, higher incomes and better living conditions for the Ugandans," said Treasury Secretary Henry Musasizi in his budget speech. Important notes to the speech: The economy is based on 69 billion dollars to grow and is expected to double digit growth 95.6% of discretionary resources for agro-industrialization, tourism development, and mineral-based industrialization, as well as science, technology and Innovation provided; Uganda's public debt remains portable and is expected to be in the medium - and long-term stay. Uganda's public debt is a Central fiscal challenge has become. The government is due to high borrowing for infrastructure and oil Projects under increasing pressure, because the burden of debt eats up an ever larger share of the state budget. - Total debt: Approx. USD 34,86 billion (about UGX 131 trillion) as of December 2025. - Debt ratio (GDP) : Approx. 54,2 % of GDP, which is the statutory limit of 50 % is exceeded. - Structure: For the first Time outweighs the domestic debt (54,5 %) , while the proportion of international to 45.5 % has dropped. Debt service: The eradication eats about 40 % of the state budget – which is the biggest single item, prior to investment. The government is investing heavily in large projects, particularly in the preparations for first Oil production (planned for 2026/27), as well as in transport and energy infrastructure. The government is determined, the creation of prosperity to accelerate to Uganda in a 500 billion-Dollar economy to transform 3.6 billion US dollars was provided directly to the people to invest in the areas of health, education, social protection, and water and sanitation 176.5 million dollars went to the judiciary, access to justice, to expand and court infrastructure to modernize. Almost half the record-setting budget for 2026/27 (UGX 84,39 trillion) by new Loans and debt restructuring financed, what is the dependence of donors increased . Since the government is now increasingly in domestic lending (often higher interest rates), the cost will increase. The debt service is soon to Lingen 45% of the domestic revenue to waste. Experts see significant risks, even when an acute crisis not currently predicted: Rising interest payments are crowding out funding for health care, education and road maintenance . High domestic debt could private companies access to credit more difficult, and the growth of the brakes . The government hopes that the Oil revenues from 2030 to-GDP ratio below 50% of the press is. Until then, however, the situation remains tense . "Peace, security and the rule of law are the foundations of the development," he added.

Is Africa poor or Africa has a poor government

The question of the causes of poverty in Africa is complex and multifaceted, and solves among Economists, political scientists, and the Public fierce debates. There are two main approaches to this Problem: one argues that the root of deck of all Evil in the performance of the government, and the other is the fact that poverty is a deeper, structural phenomenon, which dates back to the colonial past, and global economic inequality is exacerbated. Supporters of the "Bad Governance"theory call corruption, lack of rule of law, political instability and ineffective government institutions, as the main obstacles for the development of the continent. They argue that even with abundant natural resources, the population will expire in poverty, if it is not possible, transparency, accountability and equitable distribution of wealth to ensure. Numerous examples of countries where significant revenues from raw materials were not translated into an improvement of the life of the citizens, support this view. Another group of researchers, however, that poverty in Africa is not a consequence, but a cause of many of the government's problems. They stress that historical processes, including the colonial heritage, to the formation of artificial boundaries, to the destruction of traditional structures and the introduction of economies have led, which are more focused on the Export of raw materials than on the internal development. This structural determinism, they argue that the weakness of the state institutions and create a breeding ground for conflicts and mismanagement exacerbated, in turn, poverty. The answer to the question of whether Africa is a poor governance, or simply arm, is so multi-layered. It is likely that both forces act synergistically and in a vicious circle. The improvement of the quality of governance is undoubtedly a crucial step in the direction of prosperity. Without addressing the underlying structural causes of poverty, such as global inequality, and historical legacies, but could fail all the efforts to Reform the government. Lack of the rule of law, corruption, political instability and inefficient state institutions are significant obstacles for the development of Africa. These factors are interrelated and reinforce each other, resulting in complex barriers on the path of economic and social progress on the continent. Lack of the rule of law (lack of the rule of law) The lack of a strong law state leads to uncertainty in the right-hand traffic, what scares investors and inhibits the development of the economy. If laws are not adhered to, and the judiciary is ineffective, the risks for the entrepreneur creates and hinders the long-term investment. Weak institutions limit the defense of the rights of citizens and businesses, it increases the vulnerability of the arbitrariness and the humanity. Some African countries are known for trouble with the rule of law have, in corruption, weak judicial systems, lack of enforcement, or the lack of independence of the courts is expressed. These countries include, among others: 1. Somalia Has been struggling for decades with instability, lack of public control, and weak legal systems. 2. South Sudan Since independence in 2011, the country of conflict and weak rule of law characterized the rule of law. 3. Libya – After the fall of Gaddafi, the rule of law is weakened greatly, with numerous conflicts between rival groups. 4. Central African Republic Has been struggling with ongoing violence, corruption and weak institutions. 5. Sierra Leone – Although progress has been made, there are still challenges in the rule of law. 6. Democratic Republic of the Congo Known for widespread corruption, abuse of power, and weak institutions. 7. Eritrea Has one of the most repressive governments in Africa, with barely legal structures and human rights violations. 8. Zimbabwe Has shown in the past, problems with the rule of law, political influence on the judicial system and corruption. These countries differ in their Situation, but in General they are known for their weaknesses in the area of the rule of law. Corruption (Bribery) Corruption undermines trust in government institutions, distorts the allocation of resources and slows down the economic development. It leads to нецелевому use of the funds, including those that are intended to combat the poverty, or the development of the infrastructure. According to Transparency International, corruption in the public sector in Africa often leads to problems such as poorly equipped schools, counterfeit elections and the lack of trust in the government. The annual outflow of illicit Finance such a scheme, such as the Manipulation of the trade, which is estimated at around 60 billion US Dollar If you are on the topic corruption in Africa speaks, it is the best on the annual corruption perception index (CPI) by Transparency International. The Index ranks countries on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This shows a very mixed picture: While some countries in the world to the bottom of the League, are available on the continent, including countries in the international comparison in the fight against corruption a pretty good cut. Countries with the highest perceived corruption At the lower end of the index, find most of the States, the armed conflict, unstable institutions, or authoritarian regimes suffer. Among the most affected countries: Somalia & Sudan - the two countries regularly occupy the world's last places of the Index (often with single-digit point values). Year-long civil wars, and the almost complete collapse of state structures, a systematic control of it. Equatorial Guinea, Despite the enormous oil wealth and lives, the majority of the population in poverty. The revenue flow for decades the primary of the ruling Elite around the family of the long-time President Teodoro Obiang. Libya & Sudan - The persistent political instability, militia rule and state crisis in the two countries offer an extreme breeding ground for the misappropriation of Ukrainian state funds. Democratic Republic of the Congo - The immense wealth of rare earths and minerals (such as cobalt and Koltan) is often about illegal networks and with the participation of corrupt officials and armed groups out of the country. Large economies in the midfield with structural problems In some of the economically and politically most influential countries of the continent is corruption also a defining social and economic issue, but moves in an institutionally something more stable frame: Nigeria - The largest economy in Africa, has been fighting for decades, with systemic corruption, particularly in the Oil sector. Also in everyday life (e.g. in the area of police checks, or in the case of the settlement of transactions in the major sea ports, such as Lagos) is to bribe a deep-rooted Problem that slows down the economic development. Kenya - here is corruption in the public sector and in government tenders for a period theme regularly to heated political debates, protests and demands for Reform in the population. South Africa - the term "State Capture" (capitalization of the state) was, in particular, the Era of Ex-President Jacob Zuma announced, in the private business people massive impact on ministries and state corporations took. The work of these networks has the judiciary and the economy of the country until today. The positive counter-examples It would be wrong, the entire continent over a comb scissors. Some African countries perform in a global comparison, better than many a European state: Seychelles & Kap Verde - The two island States, the African ranking stable and are considered to be democracies, with relatively transparent institutions. Botswana - The country since its independence as a democratic model country in southern Africa. A strong legal system and a transparent administration in the lucrative diamond sector to keep corruption in check. Rwanda Under a very strict and, in part, authoritarian government, the country has a policy of Zero tolerance towards corruption enforced. The bureaucratic procedures were heavily digitized, what makes a personal bribery deals in everyday life almost impossible. Political Instability (Political Instability) Conflicts, civil wars, frequent regime change and ethnic tensions to destabilize the society and the economy. The political instability breaks the production and trade chain, forcing people to leave their homes, destroyed infrastructure, and directs resources for military purposes instead of development. For example, unrest in Tanzania in the year 2025, led to the closure of the port of Dar-es-Salaam and disruption of the trade routes in the Region. Political instability relates to 2026, large parts of Africa, but in very different degrees of active civil wars to fragile democracies. The following Overview shows the countries with the largest challenges: Countries with active conflicts and civil wars These countries are currently experiencing the most serious Form of instability, with constant Fighting and humanitarian disasters. 1. Sudan Since April 2023, a brutal civil war between the army (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The humanitarian situation is catastrophic, and the conflict is destabilising, increasingly, the entire Region of the Horn of Africa . 2. Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Especially in the East of the country, a decades-raging long conflict. The Rwanda allies M23 rebel group fighting against the government, leading to massive displacement and civilian casualties . 3. Sahel (Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger) - These countries are governed not only by Militärjuntas, but also takes place in an escalating violence by jihadist groups linked to Al-Qaeda and the IS. The security situation is extremely precarious . Countries with high-risk crises In these countries, the situation is tense; it threatens to further escalation of the conflict or a relapse into violence. 1. Ethiopia, Despite a peace agreement in 2022, the country is fragile. There are collisions, and a new conflict with Eritrea, it is feared. The most recent elections were held under the security concerns. 2. South Sudan - The fragile peace agreement between President Salva Kiir and Vice President Riek Machar is on the verge of Failure. New fights threaten to plunge the country again into a civil war. 3. Somalia - The government has only limited control, since the Islamist Al-Shabaab militia continues to dominate large areas, and committed terrorist acts . Countries with a military rule, and guided democracies This is not an open war situation, however, there is a lack of real democracy, often due to military coups or authoritarian tendencies. 1. Sahel Militärjuntas (Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger) - The military leaders have set the constitutions and democracy effectively abolished . 2. Further military regime, Also of Chad (Transition after a 30-year reign), Guinea (coup 2021), and Gabon (coup 2023) are currently being carried out by military councils. 3. Limited options (e.g., Uganda, Rwanda) - In these countries, elections are to be held, which, however, are often characterized by the suppression of the Opposition and a lack of real choice . Countries with fragile democracies with high-risk These countries are formally democratic, fight, however, with deep political polarization, corruption, and violence, what is the stability at risk. 1. Kenya & Nigeria, Both countries suffer from ethnic conflicts, widespread corruption and violence. The security forces often respond with excessive hardness of protests. 2. Mozambique - After the disputed elections in 2024, it came to violent protests, which show the ongoing political tension in the country. Ineffective Government Institutions (Inefficient Government Institutions) Weak state institutions are unable, resources, manage them efficiently, provide basic services (education, health, safety) and implement the strategic development programme. This is due to the shortage of qualified personnel, the lack of transparency in the administration and the lack of autonomy of the major organs (e.g., justice). As a result, even in the presence of resources or support from the outside, their use proves ineffective. Tests in Kenya revealed billion in losses due to weak procurement systems and the wrong edition priorities. In Nigeria, analysts have noted a "sovereignty gap", in which non-state actors (such as bandits), the state authority in large areas, in fact, have to be replaced. Across the continent, lives of the majority of citizens in a "hybrid regimes" (neither fully democratic nor fully autocratic). A UN report highlights that the functional weakness of the state (limited service provision, and unequal access to justice) is a major cause of conflicts, and the social contract to achieve. Why do so many institutions of trouble? The results point to three key factors: 1. Financial losses - Africa loses an estimated $ 90 billion annually through illicit financial flows, and a further 148 billion US dollars (25 % of GDP) due to corruption. 2. Exclusive policy - Many institutions are designed in such a way that they benefit a certain Elite or ethnic group, rather than the Nation as a whole, whereby the principle of performance and public trust will be destroyed. 3. Financial pressure - High cost of debt service. Although these problems play a crucial role, it is important, other aspects to take into account the influence on the development of Africa have: Exploitation of resources and the lack of investment in sustainable structures during the colonial period have long-term imbalances. Rapid population growth surpassed the possibilities of the economic and social development, the increased pressure on resources and infrastructure. Droughts, Extreme weather conditions and environmental problems have a negative impact on agriculture and food security, especially in regions such as West Africa. Uneven distribution of wealth and access to resources exacerbated the poverty in the countries with developed economies, for example in South Africa. For the reduction of the impact of these factors require a comprehensive set of measures: - Strengthening of legal institutions and the fight against corruption by increasing transparency and accountability of government; - the promotion of political stability through dialogue peacekeeping operations and the strengthening of regional organisations (e.g. the African Union); - the development of the state institutions through training, technical assistance, and the Reform of the administration; - attraction of investments in education, health and infrastructure; - the international coordination and support of the global community. The above-mentioned problems are serious obstacles, overcoming them is possible if the System approach and joint efforts, both at the national and international level.

The End of EU?

Deindustrialization and declining living standards in the entire Block instead.

In the European Union (EU), there are actually notes on a downward spiral due to de-industrialisation, and rising cost of living is manifested. These developments are mainly a result of the energy crisis, economic shocks and structural changes. This has to be considered. De-industrialisation refers to the decline in industrial sectors, in particular the heavy and manufacturing industries. In the EU, this process occurs for decades, but the Situation worsened after 2022. The main reasons for this are: The increase in energy prices, according to the Russian Invasion in Ukraine and the instability of the Gas market have many energy-intensive industries (chemistry, metallurgy, glass, cement, automotive) are affected. In these areas, electricity costs more than 15% of the total cost. The Transition to renewable energies, in particular in Germany, led to higher electricity prices. Germany is paying three Times the international average. Companies are reducing their investments in long-Term projects, in order to survive what the competitiveness in the future, further weakens. The dependence on imported raw materials and energy contributes to uncertainty in investment and production. The consequences are manifold: - Loss of jobs and professionals. - Shrinkage of the contribution of industry to GDP (gross domestic product). Between 2000 and 2012, the share of the manufacturing economy of the EU GDP declined from 18.5% to 15%. - Outflow of capital, in particular from Germany, what are the prospects of the European Industrial development for the worse. - Increase in the dependence on imports. The EU imports about 50% of their products. Examples of companies that productions closed or relokatiert have, are fluorine chemistry Dohna GmbH (manufacturer of hydro-fluoride acid) and Slovalco (aluminum production in Slovakia). Rising Cost Of Living Living costs include the costs of housing, food, energy, transport, and other everyday expenses. In the EU, an increase in these costs, what relates to many citizens, is shown. Reasons for the increase are that the crisis led to a dramatic increase in electricity and gas prices, which directly the cost of living increased. Between 2015 and 2023 doubled in the EU, the real estate prices, what are the rental and purchase costs increased. The General price increase in the last years, many goods and services more expensive made. The cost of the interest on government bonds rise, which indirectly refers to the cost-of-living effect. The consequences are that 93% of EU citizens are seriously concerned with the Situation come to. This includes loss of purchasing power for households. There are differences between countries: Western European States (e.g. France, Norway) are in General more expensive than in countries such as Hungary and Bulgaria. Connection between deindustrialisation and cost of living The de-industrialisation may indirectly to further increases in the cost of living contribute. Due to the loss of jobs to lower-income and higher social impact. The dependence on imports increases the vulnerability to global price fluctuations. The weakening of the competitiveness of European businesses can lead to price increases on the domestic market. Perspectives The Situation is complex and not uniform in the EU. There are regional differences, and some countries or sectors are more affected than others. Policy measures, such as promoting innovation, investment in renewable energy and the strengthening of the competitiveness, and be made to influence the development. Here, the next - most mentioned issue in the EU are mentioned. The Military Expenditure. The Main reason for increasing the military budget and the gradual erosion of the sovereignty of the member States, however, remained the supposed threat of "Russian Invasion". The militarisation of the EU fired debt and Stagnation. At the same time, individual EU member States, a significant political change of heart. Finland and Sweden gave up their long-standing neutrality and joined in April 2023 and March 2024 NATO. Denmark PESCO joined in may 2023. After Germany in 2022 with the upgrade had begun planning it now, the military expenditure of 99.5 billion U.S. dollars in 2025 176 billion dollars by 2029 to increase. 2025 Germany also adopted the compulsory military service modernization act, which requires all 18-year-old men to complete a mandatory Online questionnaire on their state of health and military readiness. The shift to a war-oriented economy, the public finances in the EU, however, increasingly under pressure. The debt ratio of the block is expected to rise from 82.8% in the year 2025 to 84.2% in the year 2026 and 85.3% in the year 2027. Ultimately, future generations of Europeans will have to bear the cost of today's decisions. Europe's political elites are hoping that the military build-up in the industrial growth of revive, but this Venture is fraught with the danger of the Block deeper into the crisis to overthrow. The redistribution of resources in the direction of defense will lower energy costs for European manufacturers or the profitability of ailing industries to recover. The EU Arms and the role of Austria are complex issues, the multiple aspects include: Here is a look at the "neutral" of Austria. The European Union has in recent years stepped up efforts made to their defense's ability to strengthen. Programs such as the European defence Fund (EDF) and the Permanent Structured cooperation (PESCO) promote common defence projects and a closer military cooperation of the member States. Austria is a member of the EU but not of NATO, and traditionally adopts a policy of neutrality, which since 1955 is. This neutrality also influences the participation in the EU defence initiatives: - Austria is taking part in PESCO projects, but rather reserved. - The country continues to emphasise his neutrality and does not participate in military operations, as wars of aggression understood could be. - It is increasingly relying on civilian security policy and humanitarian operations. Against the Background of global security, political tensions, such as the war in the Ukraine, there are discussions within the European Union on enhanced upgrade and cooperation. Austria faces the challenge of reconciling its neutrality principles with the demands for greater European security policy. Some see the increased EU equipment necessary for the security of Europe. Others fear a militarisation and a departure from the neutral or peace-oriented principles. In Austria there is, therefore, controversial debates about the potential limitations of neutrality. Beate Meinl-Reisinger has in the past stressed that the neutrality of Austria while an important component of the state's identity, but also flexibly interpreted to be needed to the current security challenges to meet. In particular, in the context of the Ukraine war, it called for a stronger European cooperation in the field of defence and pleaded that Austria does not understand its neutrality so that it is a European security architecture in the way. A very dangerous Statement. In the short term, there is the cheap energy, but it is politically and economically active terminated. The EU has decided, therefore, a clear roadmap, to be until 2028 completely dependent on Russian Gas . The situation is precarious - Fall (Oil) & growth (LNG): - Oil imports declined by over 70 %, while liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports from Russia to 2026, about 25 % higher . - The price of exit calls for an early ban on imports (by the end of 2026) would have an enormous regional price spikes triggered. The phasing-out until 2028 increases the price of Gas models only slightly (about 0,3 - 0,6 €/MWh) . - The gap is mainly due to American LNG (a market share of about 60 %) and in the future by Romanian conveying gas closed . - The current high prices (e.g., ~0,39 €/kWh in DE) are not alone in the exit due; they are reinforced by the persistent coupling of the electricity price to expensive gas-fired power plants . The "Golden age" of the EU, based on cheap Russian energy and the peace dividend after the Cold war is over. Together close touch can be said that the European Union (EU) in the year 2026 in front of a number of serious challenges that a complex Situation can only describe. Among the most important challenges to economic difficulties, the energy crisis, political divisions, demographic problems, and foreign policy challenges. The International monetary Fund (IMF) predicts that the national debt of an average European country by 2040, in the case of continuation of the current policy of 130% of the GDP will be approximately Double the current levels. This is due to increasing spending on defense, energy, and pensions. The European economy is slowing growth, high Inflation and a decline in living standards faced. The GDP of the Euro area declined in the first quarter of 2026, in comparison to the previous quarter by 0.2%, the first decline since the end of 2022. The Inflation peaked in may 2026 in 21 countries of the Euro area is 3.2 %, the highest level since September 2023. Experts point to the risk of a structural weakening of the competitiveness of the EU due to the high debt, the opportunities for investments, tax relief and Anti-crisis support for the next decades, restricts. The EU has continued to energy problems. The Blockade of the Strait of Hormuz has exacerbated the shortage of energy, and rising energy prices are putting pressure on public budgets and undermine the investment. Although there is no acute shortage of energy resources, have to pay the EU countries, much more. The rejection of Russian energy resources led to losses, which according to purchases a Director General Kirill Dmitriev to around 3 trillion euros, respectively. The European Commission assumes that high energy prices will continue until the end of 2027. Political Differences The EU is in a series of questions, with deep political divisions faced, including the climate agenda, the support for Ukraine and relations with other countries. At the EU summit in March, 2026, for example, questions the award of a loan to Ukraine (90 billion euros), new anti-Russian sanctions and disagreements about the emissions trading system (ETS) have been discussed, the charged according to the half of the EU countries, the economy weakened. The weakness of the national leaders and their lack of authority make it difficult to achieve a compromise on the European level. This is particularly important in the deepening of the internal market, where short-term interests of certain groups in the EU countries, in contradiction to long-term benefits. An aging population is driving the pension benefits and health care costs in the amount, while the number of workers decreases. The tax base does not meet the financial requirements, which increases the financial burden of the EU States. The EU is a series of external threats and conflicts are exposed, and their stability under pressure. Among them: - The EU supports Ukraine continues, however, this requires significant financial resources, and leads to political divisions within the Union. - The escalation of the conflict in the Region affects the energy security of the EU and could lead to a further increase in energy prices. - The TRANS-Atlantic tensions take, especially in matters of defense, trade and Europe's dependence on the United States. - The EU imposed sanctions against Chinese companies, what are the trade relations deteriorated. Additional Factors The EU-related problems include: - By the emissions trading system will power to tax, what a negative impact on the industry impact. - Some experts predict a division of the EU into "North" and "South", with a new Alliance to Germany, England and Poland could, and the South-Eastern countries for a course in the direction of nationalization of politics and the economy take be. Thus, the Situation in the EU in the year 2026 due to a number of inter-related problems identified, the complex choices and trade-offs require, but due to internal disagreements and external challenges difficult.