Escalate the tensions in the Ethiopian region Tigray.

Escalate the tensions in the Ethiopian region Tigray. The conflict in Tigray * 1) (2020-2022) did not break from today to tomorrow; A whole chain of causes led to many years of tensions to concrete political measures. The Tigray region looks back on a long history of the fight for autonomy. Already in the 20th century, there were rising against the centralization of power * 2). The People's Official Front of Tigray (TPLF) was created as a force that defended the interests of the region. After the 1990s, Ethiopia developed into a federation of regions formed according to ethnic-linguistic criteria; The constitution also anchored the right of self-determination of the peoples. Under Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed * 3), however, the balance shifted in favor of strengthening the central power, which worried regional elites. Tigray is a significant agricultural region. Experts point out that the fight for the control of resources and financial streams (including international aid levels) was one of the driving forces of the conflict. Abiy Ahmed, who came to power in 2018, initiated steps that were perceived by TPLF as an attempt to weaken the region and centralize power. Belonged to these steps: The exclusion of TPLF from the government coalition. Previously, TPLF had been a central force in the government coalition (revolutionary Democratic Front of Ethiopian Peoples, EPRDF). Abiy dissolved her and founded a new party - the "prosperity party) - who did not contribute the TPLF. Many in Tigray evaluated the decision to postpone the choice, as a step towards power inturpation. In response to the procedure of the Federal Government, the authorities organized his own elections of Tigray. The central government explained this for illegal, which strengthened the crisis. The leadership of the front feared, Abiy strive to completely eliminate them as a political force, withdraw the region the autonomy and to redistribute resources in favor of the central government. The immediate occasion for armed conflict was the events in November 2020. The defense forces of Tigray (the military wing of TPLF) attacked military bases of the Federal Army in the region. The government reacted with a military use. Inner regional divisions. Within the TPLF, a hardliner faction (under the guidance of Debresion Gebremichael) has gained influence, which also shaped the course of the conflict. Other actors were drawn in the conflict: Armed forces from the neighboring region Amhara supported the Federal Army, and also the role of Eritrea converted in the course of the conflict (first it was on the side of the central government, later on the side The TPLF). Even according to the 2022 * 4) Agreement, central questions remained unclear: how regional armed forces disarmed, enclosed to dispute disputes and displaced persons. Ultimately, the conflict was the result of a complex interplay of power fighting, worried about regional autonomy, economic interests and concrete policy decisions, which were perceived as a threat by the parties involved. In fact, the situation in the Tigray region (Ethiopia) has spilled dramatically in the last few days. I have summarized the most important information about the current events and the causes of the crisis. On September 23, 2026, the armed forces of the People's Official Front of Tigray (TPLF) started an offensive. They occupied several airports in Tigray, including Alula Abo Nega International Airport in the regional capital Mekele. As a result, Ethiopian Airlines introduced air traffic to the region. At the same time, the TPLF positions of the Central Government forces in the neighboring regions attacked Afar and Amhara. In Amhara, rebels aged together with the local armed movement "Fano" (Amhara Fano National Movement). In a declaration of Tigray's regional administration, the central government's measures were called "invasion" and their own approach as a "defense war". The Vice President of the TPLF, Amanuel Assefa, declared the news agency AFP, the situation has now become a "comprehensive war". Already on September 20, the TPLF announced the founding of a "coalition of the economies of Ethiopia for survival". This joined six other armed groups (including "Fano", the Oromo Liberation Army and others), with the aim of plungeing the government of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. The escalation is the result of a long-term accumulation of problems. In 2022, the conflict parties signed the Pretoria Agreement, which completed the previous war (2020-2022). Nevertheless, many key issues remained unclear: the status of controversial areas (especially West Tigray, where thousands of people are expelled), the disarmament process, the return of refugees and security guarantees for the region. Observers threw abiy ahmed to have led the war with great hardness; Reports on atrocities, hunger as a war weapon and mass-free expulsions, considerable his image as a "Peace Nobel Prize winner" considerably. After 2022, the tensions were tightened within the party. In May 2026, under the leadership of Debetsion Gebremichael, a radical group resigned the Regional Council from the pre-war period and chose him to the President of Tigray, creating a competing power center. The authorities strive to restore a uniform military command structure, while TPLF is not ready to disarm without clear guarantees. Experts point to the role of Eritrea. Between the TPLF and Eritrea, there were heavy conflicts in the past, but now a tactical alliance ("Tsimdo") is abandoned. At the same time, the Ethiopian Central Government's interests in the Eritrean Port Assab (Ethiopia is a part of the country), which also heats the tensions. The greatest danger is that the local conflict over the Borden Tigrays takes out and further actors in the region. Experts warn: Should the conflict expand, this could lead to a more comprehensive war at the Horn of Africa - especially against the background of the already ongoing civil war in Sudan. The African Union has expressed its depth concern and called for immediate stop escalating measures as well as the resumption of direct negotiations under the Pretoria Agreement. The location is in progress and develops fast. There is a concrete danger that the Tigray War (2020-2022, approx. 600,000 tote) in a new, possibly still broader form - especially as a whole coalition of rebel groups is involved in different parts of the country. The leadership of the Tigray region declared that they are in a new war with the central government, after fighting in Tigray and two neighboring regions bounced out a four-year-old Peace Agreement. The outbreak of new battles is followed by increasing tensions between the two sides for months; The climax was the announcement of Sunday that the TPLF has concluded an alliance with six other armed groups from all ethiopia, with the aim of plungeing the government of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. The situation remains dynamic; Therefore, it is important to pursue the official explanations of the conflict parties as well as the assessments of international mediators. @@@@@ * 1) Tigray is the northernmost regional state of Ethiopia. He borders in the north to Eritrea, in the west to Sudan, south to the AMHARA region and the East to the Afar region. The capital is Mekel; The region is mainly inhabited by Tigrayern whose main language is Tigrinya. Tigray is part of the historic north ethician highlands and includes significant sites such as Aksum - a former center of the Reich of Aksum and one of the most important religious and archaeological regions of Ethiopia. The population is a majority of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. The People's Official Front of Tigray (TPLF) played a crucial role in the fall of the Ethiopian military government in 1991. Your leader Meles Zenawi then developed into the dominant political leadership Ethiopia until he died in 2012. * 2) The People's liberation front of Tigray (TPLF) led an armed fight against the socialist government in Addis Ababa - but these were events of the late 1970s and 1980s, not the conflict of the years 2020-2022. In 1974 there was a circumference in Ethiopia; The Derg-regime - a military-revolutionary Council under the leadership of Mengistu Haile Mariam. It was a socialist dictatorship of Marxist-Leninist embossing, which operates a strict centralization, massive repressions and a policy of "resettlement" of the population. The TPLF was created as a rebel organization with the following goals: Liberation of the Tigray region from control by Addis Ababa; Fight against the Derg regime perceived as the oppressor of the region; Long term: Transformation of Ethiopia to federal principles. The beginning of the armed resistance was that TPLF began a guerrilla war in Tigray in the late 1970s. Their strategy was based on the support of the local population and control of rural areas. In 1989, TPLF worked together with other movements (especially the Eritrean People's liberal frown) the revolutionary democratic front of the Ethiopian peoples (EPRDF) - a coalition whose aim of the fall of the Derg-regime was. In 1991, the armed forces of EPRDF Addis Ababa took one, and the Mengistu regime crashed. Thereafter, the TPLF developed into one of the most important political forces in Ethiopia - a role that you hover until 2018. It is important not to mix these two different phases: 1978-1991: TPLF as insurgents against the socialist Derg regime; 2020-2022: TPLF as a regional political force in conflict with the Federal Government under Abiy Ahmed. * 3) Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, Full Name: Abiy Ahmed Ali has been Prime Minister (Prime Minister) of the Democratic Federal Republic of Ethiopia since April 2, 2018. Kurzprofil - Born: 15th of August 1976 in Beshasha (Kaffa region), Ethiopia. - Party: Prosperity Party (prosperity party), previously leading role in the Oromo People's Democratic Organization (OPDO) within the EPRDF coalition. - Office: April 2, 2018 as a fourth prime minister of the modern Federal Republic of Ethiopia. - Award: Nobel Peace Prize 2019 "for his efforts to meet peace and international cooperation, in particular for its crucial initiative to solve the border conflict with the neighboring country Eritrea" Abiy Ahmed came to power in 2018, after months of protests against the long-standing EPRDF government led to the resignation of his predecessor Hailemariam Desalegn. As the first national leader of Ethiopia, which attributes ethnically the Oromo - the largest but long under-represented population group - he was initially perceived as a possible "some" of the country. In his first endeavors he initiated far-reaching domestic reforms: - Termination of the 200-year-old "frozen" war condition with Eritrea (Peace Agreement 2018) - release of thousands of political prisoners [7] [9] - Release of the media center and approval forbidden opposition groups. - Appointment of women to half of the cabinet posts. These steps involved him internationally great sympathy and the Nobel Prize. Despite this conflict, he remained politically dominant: his Prosperity Party won the parliamentary elections 2021 and again 2026 with a large majority, with the choice of 2026 of security issues, limited opposition participation and missing elections in Sharing the North was overshadowed. At the same time persistent voltages are: - Internal ethnopolitan conflicts and regional riots. - Foreign policy tensions with neighboring states at the Horn of Africa. - Criticism of authoritarian tendencies and limitation of political freedoms. On the official government website he becomes "H.E. Abiy Ahmed Ali (PhD) "led, with academic degrees in Transformational Leadership, MBA and a PhD from the Institute for Peace and Security Studies of the Addis Ababa University. The leadership of the north ethiopian region Tigray declared on Wednesday, they are in a new war with the central government, after fighting in Tigray and two neighboring regions bounced out of a four-year-old peace agreement. * 4) On 2 November 2022, the Ethiopian Federal Government and the TPLF signed in Pretoria, South Africa, an agreement on the permanent attitude of hostilities (Cessation of Hostilities Agreement, COHA). Formally finished the Tigray War, who had cost about 600,000 people living since November 2020. The agreement was conveyed by the African Union (AU), supported by the USA. Chef subsidiaries was the former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo. The most important content is: A military block. - Systematic, orderly disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (GDR) of Tigray Combat units (TDF) - handing over heavy weapons (tanks, artillery) to the federal army; lighter weapons should follow later - withdrawal of front lines in four zones; Reference of the Federal Army in the Tigray region - TDF should be converted in return to regional security / police forces Political block. - abolition of the classification of TPLF as a terrorist organization by the Ethiopian Parliament - Formation of an inclusive transitional management for Tigray to elections - Political dialogue about all controversial questions, in particular the territutes with the AMHARA region Humanitarian block. - Restoration of access to humanitarian aid and basic services - Termination of the siege / blockade of Tigray - Return of distributed persons (internally displaced persons) What was controversial - West and South Torray (Welkait, Raya): These areas were occupied during the war of Amharic forces. The agreement calls you "controversial areas" and refers to a solution according to the 1995 Constitution - but it leaves whether this is a return to Tigray or a referendum. This question remained unresolved. - Eritrea: The Eritrean Army (EDF) had fought on the part of the Federal Government, but was not involved in the negotiations. The agreement does not mention Eritrea, but speaks vague from "third forces". Eritreienche troops retired only partially and remained in border areas. - Amhara-Milizen (Fano): The Amharic special forces and Fano militias were not part of the agreement, but remained in areas that Tigray claims. The implementation and failure. In the first few months of the agreement, progress has been made: Humanitarian auxiliary supplies reached Tigray, political prisoners were released, a transitional management under Getachew Reda was used. But the central problems remained unsolved: - The controversial areas were not returned - Eritreienche and Amharic forces did not complete themselves completely - The disarming of TDF was not completed - Transitional management lost legitimacy In May 2025, TPLF set up its own countercurrency under Debetsion Gebremichael, and at the end of September 2025 escalated the situation again, as the defense forces of Tigray (TDF) military bases of the Federal Army Attacks. Observers now say clearly: The Pretoria agreement has failed. 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